학술논문
Electroacupuncture pretreatment induces tolerance against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of the autophagy pathway
Document Type
Report
Author
Source
Molecular Medicine Reports. June 2015, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p4438, 9 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1791-2997
Abstract
Introduction As one of the most prevalent causes of human mortality, stroke accounts for hundreds of thousands of mortalities annually worldwide (1). Rapid revascularization of the occluded vessels and timely [...]
Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has been reported to induce tolerance against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EA remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence has suggested that excess activation of autophagy is important in I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that EA pretreatment-induced tolerance to cerebral I/R injury was mediated by inhibition of the autophagy pathway. Rats were treated with EA at the acupoint 'Baihui (GV20)' 30 min/day, for five consecutive days prior to the induction of focal cerebral ischemia for 120 min by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Levels of autophagy, cerebral apoptosis, infarct volumes, brain water content and motor deficit were evaluated 12 h following I/R. The autophagy inducer rapamycin was used to investigate the role of autophagy in mediating neuroprotective effects. The results showed that the number of autophagosomes and the expression of the marker proteins of autophagy, including microtubule-associated protein 1A light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 were significantly increased 12 h post-I/R. EA pretreatment decreased the expression of autophagy markers and the number of autophagosomes in the ischemic cortex. In addition, EA pretreatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis, reduced infarct volume and water content, as well as improved neurological outcome of rats following I/R. Furthermore, the reduced expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1 and the neuroprotective effects were reversed by the autophagy inducer rapamycin. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that EA pretreatment protected the brain against I/R injury via inhibition of the autophagy process. Key words: electroacupuncture, ischemia/reperfusion, autophagy, rapamycin, middle cerebral artery occlusion
Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has been reported to induce tolerance against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EA remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence has suggested that excess activation of autophagy is important in I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that EA pretreatment-induced tolerance to cerebral I/R injury was mediated by inhibition of the autophagy pathway. Rats were treated with EA at the acupoint 'Baihui (GV20)' 30 min/day, for five consecutive days prior to the induction of focal cerebral ischemia for 120 min by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Levels of autophagy, cerebral apoptosis, infarct volumes, brain water content and motor deficit were evaluated 12 h following I/R. The autophagy inducer rapamycin was used to investigate the role of autophagy in mediating neuroprotective effects. The results showed that the number of autophagosomes and the expression of the marker proteins of autophagy, including microtubule-associated protein 1A light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 were significantly increased 12 h post-I/R. EA pretreatment decreased the expression of autophagy markers and the number of autophagosomes in the ischemic cortex. In addition, EA pretreatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis, reduced infarct volume and water content, as well as improved neurological outcome of rats following I/R. Furthermore, the reduced expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1 and the neuroprotective effects were reversed by the autophagy inducer rapamycin. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that EA pretreatment protected the brain against I/R injury via inhibition of the autophagy process. Key words: electroacupuncture, ischemia/reperfusion, autophagy, rapamycin, middle cerebral artery occlusion