학술논문
Effectiveness of two and three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses against Omicron‐ and Delta‐Related outpatient illness among adults, October 2021–February 2022
Document Type
Report
Author
Kim, Sara S.; Chung, Jessie R.; Talbot, H. Keipp; Grijalva, Carlos G.; Wernli, Karen J.; Kiniry, Erika; Martin, Emily T.; Monto, Arnold S.; Belongia, Edward A.; Mclean, Huong Q.; Gaglani, Manjusha; Mamawala, Mufaddal; Nowalk, Mary Patricia; Geffel, Krissy Moehling; Tartof, Sara Y.; Florea, Ana; Lee, Justin S.; Tenforde, Mark W.; Patel, Manish M.; Flannery, Brendan; Bentz, Meghan L.; Burgin, Alex; Burroughs, Mark; Davis, Morgan L.; Howard, Dakota; Lacek, Kristine; Madden, Joseph C.; Nobles, Sarah; Padilla, Jasmine; Sheth, Mili
Source
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. November 2022, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p975, 11 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1750-2640
Abstract
BACKGROUND On November 29, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that all adults aged ≥18 years receive a third mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine booster dose at least [...]
: Background: We estimated SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta‐ and Omicron‐specific effectiveness of two and three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses in adults against symptomatic illness in US outpatient settings. Methods: Between October 1, 2021, and February 12, 2022, research staff consented and enrolled eligible participants who had fever, cough, or loss of taste or smell and sought outpatient medical care or clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 testing within 10 days of illness onset. Using the test‐negative design, we compared the odds of receiving two or three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses among SARS‐CoV‐2 cases versus controls using logistic regression. Regression models were adjusted for study site, age, onset week, and prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1 − adjusted odds ratio) × 100%. Results: Among 3847 participants included for analysis, 574 (32%) of 1775 tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 during the Delta predominant period and 1006 (56%) of 1794 participants tested positive during the Omicron predominant period. When Delta predominated, VE against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings was 63% (95% CI: 51% to 72%) among mRNA two‐dose recipients and 96% (95% CI: 93% to 98%) for three‐dose recipients. When Omicron predominated, VE was 21% (95% CI: −6% to 41%) among two‐dose recipients and 62% (95% CI: 48% to 72%) among three‐dose recipients. Conclusions: In this adult population, three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses provided substantial protection against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings when the Omicron variant became the predominant cause of COVID‐19 in the United States. These findings support the recommendation for a third mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine dose.
: Background: We estimated SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta‐ and Omicron‐specific effectiveness of two and three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses in adults against symptomatic illness in US outpatient settings. Methods: Between October 1, 2021, and February 12, 2022, research staff consented and enrolled eligible participants who had fever, cough, or loss of taste or smell and sought outpatient medical care or clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 testing within 10 days of illness onset. Using the test‐negative design, we compared the odds of receiving two or three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses among SARS‐CoV‐2 cases versus controls using logistic regression. Regression models were adjusted for study site, age, onset week, and prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1 − adjusted odds ratio) × 100%. Results: Among 3847 participants included for analysis, 574 (32%) of 1775 tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 during the Delta predominant period and 1006 (56%) of 1794 participants tested positive during the Omicron predominant period. When Delta predominated, VE against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings was 63% (95% CI: 51% to 72%) among mRNA two‐dose recipients and 96% (95% CI: 93% to 98%) for three‐dose recipients. When Omicron predominated, VE was 21% (95% CI: −6% to 41%) among two‐dose recipients and 62% (95% CI: 48% to 72%) among three‐dose recipients. Conclusions: In this adult population, three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses provided substantial protection against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings when the Omicron variant became the predominant cause of COVID‐19 in the United States. These findings support the recommendation for a third mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine dose.