학술논문
Isoflurane exposure in infant rats acutely increases aquaporin 4 and does not cause neurocognitive impairment
RESEARCH ARTICLE
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Document Type
Report
Author
Source
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. August 2019, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1, 8 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1512-8601
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, millions of young children are exposed to anesthesia every year for various reasons. Risks that may result from anesthesia exposure are higher in neonates and infants than in [...]
Isoflurane is commonly used in pediatric population, but its mechanism of action in cognition is unclear. Aquaporin 4 ([AQP.sub.4]) regulates water content in blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid. Various studies have provided evidence for the role of [AQP.sub.4] in synaptic plasticity and neurocognition. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a prolonged exposure to isoflurane in infant rats is associated with cognition and what effect this exposure has on [AQP.sub.4] expression. Ten-day-old [postnatal day (P) 10] Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated to isoflurane group (n = 32; 1.5% isoflurane in 50% oxygen for 6 hours) or control group (n = 32; only 50% oxygen for 6 hours). Acute (P11) and long-term ([P.sub.33]) effects of 6-hour anesthetic isoflurane exposure on [AQP.sub.4] expression were analyzed in whole brains of P11 and [P.sub.33] rats by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Spatial learning and memory were assessed on P28 to [P.sub.33] days by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The analysis revealed that isoflurane increased acutely both mRNA (~4.5 fold) and protein (~90%) levels of [AQP.sub.4] in P11 rats compared with control group. The increasing levels of [AQP.sub.4] in P11 were not observed in [P.sub.33] rats. Also, no statistically significant change between isoflurane and control groups was observed in the latency to find the platform during MWM training and probe trial. Our results indicate that a single exposure to isoflurane anesthesia does not influence cognition in infant rats. In this case, acutely increased [AQP.sub.4] after isoflurane anesthesia may have a protective role in neurocognition. KEYWORDS: Anesthesia; aquaporin 4 ([AQP.sub.4]); neurocognition; infant rat; isoflurane; pediatric anesthesia; 10-day- old rat
Isoflurane is commonly used in pediatric population, but its mechanism of action in cognition is unclear. Aquaporin 4 ([AQP.sub.4]) regulates water content in blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid. Various studies have provided evidence for the role of [AQP.sub.4] in synaptic plasticity and neurocognition. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a prolonged exposure to isoflurane in infant rats is associated with cognition and what effect this exposure has on [AQP.sub.4] expression. Ten-day-old [postnatal day (P) 10] Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated to isoflurane group (n = 32; 1.5% isoflurane in 50% oxygen for 6 hours) or control group (n = 32; only 50% oxygen for 6 hours). Acute (P11) and long-term ([P.sub.33]) effects of 6-hour anesthetic isoflurane exposure on [AQP.sub.4] expression were analyzed in whole brains of P11 and [P.sub.33] rats by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Spatial learning and memory were assessed on P28 to [P.sub.33] days by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The analysis revealed that isoflurane increased acutely both mRNA (~4.5 fold) and protein (~90%) levels of [AQP.sub.4] in P11 rats compared with control group. The increasing levels of [AQP.sub.4] in P11 were not observed in [P.sub.33] rats. Also, no statistically significant change between isoflurane and control groups was observed in the latency to find the platform during MWM training and probe trial. Our results indicate that a single exposure to isoflurane anesthesia does not influence cognition in infant rats. In this case, acutely increased [AQP.sub.4] after isoflurane anesthesia may have a protective role in neurocognition. KEYWORDS: Anesthesia; aquaporin 4 ([AQP.sub.4]); neurocognition; infant rat; isoflurane; pediatric anesthesia; 10-day- old rat