학술논문
Normální hodnoty Nového testu libosti pachů u zdravé populace
Normative Data for the New Test of Odour Pleasantness in Healthy Participants
Normative Data for the New Test of Odour Pleasantness in Healthy Participants
Document Type
Text
Author
Source
Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie : časopis českých a slovenských neurologů a neurochirurgů | 2015 Volume:78-111 | Number:1
Subject
Language
Czech
English
English
Abstract
Cíl: Vyšetření čichu Novým testem libosti pachů (New Test of Odor Pleasantness; NTOP) umožňuje hodnocení chemosenzorické percepce v klinické praxi. Výhodou je možné použití i u pacientů s kognitivním deficitem a u dětských pacientů. Cílem studie bylo stanovit normální (fyziologické) hodnoty NTOP u zdravé populace. Soubor a metodika: Vyšetřeno bylo 236 zdravých osob ve věkovém rozmezí od 16 do 93 let. Nový test libosti pachů obsahuje 29 výrazně hédonicky zabarvených pachových látek a tři látky s výraznou trigeminovou složkou. Vyšetřovaný měl po přičichnutí označit ze čtyř možností nejpřiléhavější pro danou pachovou látku: voní, neutrální, zapáchá a výrazně zapáchá (nebo dráždí). Na základě nejčetnějších odpovědí osob kontrolní skupiny ve věkovém rozmezí 16–35 let bylo nastaveno bodové hodnocení. Výsledky NTOP byly porovnány se standardizovanými testy subjektivní olfaktometrie OMT (Odourized Markers Test) a Sniffin’ Sticks (část identifikace). Výsledky: V Novém testu libosti pachů byl medián bodového zisku kontrolní skupiny 20 bodů, ve skupině 36–55 let 19,5 bodu a ve skupině > 56 let 17 bodů. Za nejnižší ještě normální bodový zisk byl stanoven 10. percentil kontrolní skupiny, který byl 16 bodů. Hodnota mediánu v souboru klesá s věkem. Statisticky významný pokles je patrný především po 56. roce věku. Závěry: Nový test libosti pachů vykazuje obdobnou charakteristiku jako standardně užívané testy subjektivní olfaktometrie. Současně však test přináší jinou informaci o čichových schopnostech osob. Normální hodnoty zdravé populace jsou klíčové pro posouzení čichu Novým testem libosti pachů v klinické praxi.
Objective: Olfactory test of odor pleasantness may prove to be additions to comprehensive chemosensory test batteries used in clinical settings. The goal of our work was to establish normative data of the New Test of Odor Pleasantness (NTOP). Methods: A total of 236 healthy participants aged 16 to 93 years were included in the study. NTOP is based on classification of 29 odorants and three chemicals with trigeminal component. The participants were asked to categorize the hedonic tone of the odorant into four classes: pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and fetid (very unpleasant). The normative data were determined based on results of persons of 16 to 35 years old. The NTOP was compared with two standard tests – Odourized Markers Test (OMT) and Sniffin’ Sticks (identification). Results: Median of the NTOP was of 20 in group of age 16–35 years, 19.5 in group of age 36–55 years and 17 in group of > 56. Tenth percentile of the age group 16–35 was 16 points, which is considered as lowest normal points scored. The median numbers of points decreases with age. There is statistically significant decrease in the olfactory capability with increasing age (> 56 years old). Conclusion: NTOP has a similar characteristics as the standard tests of subjective (psychophysical) olfactometry. At the same time the test give us information different from other olfactory tests. The goal of study was to determine the normal value the NTOP of healthy persons in Czech population. Key words: olfaction – odour pleasantness – subjective olfactometry – normative date The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.
P. Brothánková, J. Vodička
Objective: Olfactory test of odor pleasantness may prove to be additions to comprehensive chemosensory test batteries used in clinical settings. The goal of our work was to establish normative data of the New Test of Odor Pleasantness (NTOP). Methods: A total of 236 healthy participants aged 16 to 93 years were included in the study. NTOP is based on classification of 29 odorants and three chemicals with trigeminal component. The participants were asked to categorize the hedonic tone of the odorant into four classes: pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and fetid (very unpleasant). The normative data were determined based on results of persons of 16 to 35 years old. The NTOP was compared with two standard tests – Odourized Markers Test (OMT) and Sniffin’ Sticks (identification). Results: Median of the NTOP was of 20 in group of age 16–35 years, 19.5 in group of age 36–55 years and 17 in group of > 56. Tenth percentile of the age group 16–35 was 16 points, which is considered as lowest normal points scored. The median numbers of points decreases with age. There is statistically significant decrease in the olfactory capability with increasing age (> 56 years old). Conclusion: NTOP has a similar characteristics as the standard tests of subjective (psychophysical) olfactometry. At the same time the test give us information different from other olfactory tests. The goal of study was to determine the normal value the NTOP of healthy persons in Czech population. Key words: olfaction – odour pleasantness – subjective olfactometry – normative date The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.
P. Brothánková, J. Vodička