학술논문
Povezanost kinematičkih parametara s rezultatom u skoku s motkom
Document Type
TEXT
Source
Subject
Language
Croatian
Abstract
Osnovni cilj ovog rada je utvrditi utjecaj kinematičkih parametara na rezultat u skoku s motkom. U tu svrhu provedeno je istraživanje akvizicijom video zapisa s natjecanja. Uzorak entiteta (N = 71) činili su uspješni skokovi 30 skakača s motkom čiji su pokušaji snimljeni na Europskom juniorskom prvenstvu u Novom Sadu, 23.7. - 26.7.2009. godine. Ispitanici su izveli skokove u okviru eliminacijskog natjecanja za finale i skokove u finalnom dijelu natjecanja. Starost ispitanika bila je od sedamnaest do devetnaest godina, a raspon njihovih najboljih rezultata kretao se od 4, 70 m do 5,25 m. Prema standardima procedure APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis Sistem, USA) provedena je kinematička analiza čime je utvrđeno 25 kinematičkih varijabli potrebnih za daljinu analizu. Prema razini prosječnih postignuća vrhunskih juniora vidljiva je visoka razina natjecateljskih mogućnosti. Regresijskom analizom utjecaja 2D kinematičkih varijabli na rezultat u skoku s motkom izdvojeno je osam statistički značajnih varijabli koje objašnjavaju 97% varijance rezultata. Najveći utjecaj na visinu centra mase tijela imale su varijable: brzina centra mase tijela nakon odraza, brzina zadnjeg koraka, brzina predzadnjeg koraka te nagib trupa u trenutku napuštanja motke. Manji, ali ipak značajan utjecaj na rezultat u skoku motkom imale su i varijable udaljenost centra mase tijela u trenutku napuštanja motke, nagib trupa u trenutku postavljanja motke u kutiju te vrijeme opružanja motke. Entiteti (skokovi) su podijeljeni u dvije kategorije (kvalitativna razreda) temeljem ekspertnog znanja. Grupu 1 činili su uspješni skokovi do 4,90 m (N = 46), dok su grupu 2 činili uspješni skokovi preko 4,90 m (N = 25). Diskriminacijskom analizom utvrđeni su parametri koji diferenciraju skokove različitog kvantitativnog razreda. Dobivena je jedna diskriminacijska funkcija koja razlikuje navedene grupe entiteta, čime je i potvrđen sekundarni cilj disertacije. Generalno, informacije dobivene u ovom istraživanju ukazuju na znatan utjecaj promatranih 2D kinematičkih parametara na rezultat skoka motkom, kao i na dobro razlikovanje grupa entiteta.Također, potvrđeno je kako je rezultatska efikasnost u skoku motkom prvenstveno određena varijablama koje su definirane motoričkim sposobnostima kao i pokazateljima kojima je određena tehnika izvedbe skoka . Varijable koje definiraju položaj tijela prilikom napuštanja motke (nagib trupa i udaljenost centra mase) u najvećoj mjeri određuju tehničku izvedbu skoka, dok su motoričkim sposobnostima najviše određeni parametri brzine zadnja dva koraka zaleta, brzine centra mase tijela nakon odraza i brzine centra mase tijela za vrijeme opružanja motke. Rezultati dobiveni u ovom istraživanju u skladu su sa znanstvenim spoznajama o disciplini skoka motkom te omogućuju bolje razumijevanje i dobivanje najrelevantnijih informacija za uspješnu izvedbu skoka u cjelini kao i za upravljanje trenažnim procesima.
The basic aim of this work was to ascertain the influence of2D kinematic parameters on the pole vault result. With this purpose, a research was conducted, in which competition video data was collected. The entity sample (N = 71) consisted of successful vaults of 30 pole vaulters, whose attempts were filmed at the Novi Sad European Junior Championship, July 23rd - 27th, 2009. The examinees performed their vaults within the eliminatory final competition and the final competition itself. The age of the examinees was from seventeen to nineteen years, and the span of their best results was from 4.70 m to 5.25 m. A kinematic analysis has been performed, according to the standards of the APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System, USA) procedure, ascertaining 25 kinematic variables for further analysis. According to the level of average achievement, it was observed that elite juniors showed a high level of competitive possibilities. The regression analysis of 2D kinematic variables influence on the pole vaulting result singled out eight statistically significant variables, explaining 97% of result variance. The following variables had the strongest influence on the height of body mass centre: take-off velocity, last step velocity, penultimate step velocity and trunk angle at the pole release moment. The following variables had lesser, but still a significant influence on the pole vault result: centre of body mass distance at the pole release moment, trunk angle at the pole plant moment, and pole straightening time. Entities (vaults) were divided into two categories (qualitative classes), based on the expert knowledge. Group 1 consisted of successful vaults up to 4,90 m (N = 46) while Group 2 consisted of successful vaults over 4,90 m (N = 25). Discriminative analysis determined the parameters which differentiate the vaults of different quantitative classes. A single discriminative function, discerning the listed groups of entities was obtained, thus confirming the secondary aim of the dissertation. Generally, the information gained in this research indicate the significant influence of the observed kinematic parameters onto the pole vault result, as well as proper differentiation of groups of entities. Also, it is confirmed that the result efficiency in pole vault was primarily determined by the variables which are defined by the motor abilities, as well as the indicators determining the vault performance technique. The variables defining the pole release body posture (trunk angle and body centre distance) mostly define the technical performance of the vault, while the motor abilities mostly determine the parameters of last two run-up steps velocity, centre of body mass velocity after take-off, and centre of body mass velocity during the pole straightening time. The results obtained by this research are in concordance with the scientific knowledge on the pole vault discipline, enabling better understanding and gaining the most relevant information for the successful vault performance as a whole, as well as directing the training processes.
The basic aim of this work was to ascertain the influence of2D kinematic parameters on the pole vault result. With this purpose, a research was conducted, in which competition video data was collected. The entity sample (N = 71) consisted of successful vaults of 30 pole vaulters, whose attempts were filmed at the Novi Sad European Junior Championship, July 23rd - 27th, 2009. The examinees performed their vaults within the eliminatory final competition and the final competition itself. The age of the examinees was from seventeen to nineteen years, and the span of their best results was from 4.70 m to 5.25 m. A kinematic analysis has been performed, according to the standards of the APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System, USA) procedure, ascertaining 25 kinematic variables for further analysis. According to the level of average achievement, it was observed that elite juniors showed a high level of competitive possibilities. The regression analysis of 2D kinematic variables influence on the pole vaulting result singled out eight statistically significant variables, explaining 97% of result variance. The following variables had the strongest influence on the height of body mass centre: take-off velocity, last step velocity, penultimate step velocity and trunk angle at the pole release moment. The following variables had lesser, but still a significant influence on the pole vault result: centre of body mass distance at the pole release moment, trunk angle at the pole plant moment, and pole straightening time. Entities (vaults) were divided into two categories (qualitative classes), based on the expert knowledge. Group 1 consisted of successful vaults up to 4,90 m (N = 46) while Group 2 consisted of successful vaults over 4,90 m (N = 25). Discriminative analysis determined the parameters which differentiate the vaults of different quantitative classes. A single discriminative function, discerning the listed groups of entities was obtained, thus confirming the secondary aim of the dissertation. Generally, the information gained in this research indicate the significant influence of the observed kinematic parameters onto the pole vault result, as well as proper differentiation of groups of entities. Also, it is confirmed that the result efficiency in pole vault was primarily determined by the variables which are defined by the motor abilities, as well as the indicators determining the vault performance technique. The variables defining the pole release body posture (trunk angle and body centre distance) mostly define the technical performance of the vault, while the motor abilities mostly determine the parameters of last two run-up steps velocity, centre of body mass velocity after take-off, and centre of body mass velocity during the pole straightening time. The results obtained by this research are in concordance with the scientific knowledge on the pole vault discipline, enabling better understanding and gaining the most relevant information for the successful vault performance as a whole, as well as directing the training processes.