부산대학교 도서관

This study tried to determine the Nanam’s characteristics from construction process of Japanese military bases, military presence, militarized urbanism. Earlier studies focused on Japanese military bases stationed in South Korea including Yongsan, however Nanam was only partially mentioned. Considering Nanam selected as a large-scale military site and its importance as a developed military city, it is necessary to expansive review about it. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan aggressively launched military invasions to establish control over the Korean peninsula. On the basis of the Korea – Japan Protocol signed on February 23 1904(韓日議定書), Japan forced much of the land on the Korean Peninsula to be the military facilities and stationed troops there. In particular, military facilities were concentrated in Chungjin, Nanam and Hoeryong to check Russia. Nanam is located about 100km from Tumen River estuary, which is bordered by Russia. Also it has Chongjin Port as the hinterland, which is easily accessible from the mainland Japan, this was one of her biggest advantages to move materials and troops. Nanam was a natural fortress because the northwest part was blocked by Mountains. The construction of Nanam bases was divisible into two periods. Japan expropriated the land in Namam area through the Temporary Architecture Section the Accounting Department of Japanese Army in Joseon. The construction of each unit began in March 1908 and completed in November 1913. The total cost was 5,159,714 won and a large-scale budget was put in place at that time to construct the Nanam bases for permanent use. In 1910, the 25th Infantry Brigade Command was deployed in Nanam. Due to the geographical specificity of the border area, the 25th Infantry Brigade was responsible for various roles such as surveillance activities in neighboring countries and protection of traffic facilities as well as the basic duties of defense. After the two divisions were decided to be stationed, the construction of bases was carried out for the second time and the 19th Division was stationed in Nanam. The new and enlarged construction was completed over five years from 1917 to 1922. Nanam became the best stronghold base of the Japanese Army with the presence of the 19th Division. The 19th Division was dispatched to the East of Manchuria to oppress the independence forces and invade the continent. This was possible because of the large scale military bases in Nanam, which is geographically and strategically important. At that time, Nanam was a well-planned city with both permanent military facilities and enhanced military functions according to Japan's intention. Nanam has both the characteristics of a new city and the characteristics of a military city. The entire city of Nanam consists of a grid-type street network and a radial street network. Also traffic planning has been made for forming a major traffic network. In order to maximize the function as a military base, the spatial arrangement of the city was achieved. With a burgeoning population and urbanization, Nanam developed as a military city. In addition, as the Hamgyeongbuk-do(North Hamgyeong Province) Office moved to Nanam, Nanam became a central city of Hamgyeongbuk-do with administrative functions as well as military functions. At the same time, major facilities such as railway, specialized school, and shrine were built. Namam began as a military city and gradually evolved into a multipurpose city with administrative, transportation, educational and religious functions. The conclusion is as follows : First, Japan established the Nanam base in order to check Russia. Second, the Nanam base was for maintaining Joseon as a colony in complicated regional dynamics such as China and the Soviet Union. Nanam was the core of a military base that played a highly strategic role to control Russia and invade the continent. Third, Japan planned Nanam for military purposes and made it a military city. In other words, The ultimate reason for Japan to build the Nanam base and become a military city was dedicated to Russia and military domination of Northeast Asia and invasion of the continent. To this end, Japan sought to build Nanam from the outset as a key city for military invasion of Japan's imperialism.