부산대학교 도서관

As activating the trade between the Song[宋] Dynasty and the Korea[高麗] Dynasty, some of the people who visited other country to trade stayed abroad for a long time without returning to their hometown. The two countries respectively made the policies and the laws for managing people who naturalized. Especially the government of Korea prescribed details on appointment, marriage, relief work and return and enforced the system. And the government of Song drafted the legislation on the naturalized people of Korean birth on the basis of the law against people from abroad[蠻夷法]. Song and Korea did not share a border. It was impossible to the come and go through a land route between the two countries because of the Jin[金] dynasty. For the reason, the envoy exchange and the trade between the two countries was only done through sea route. There were two main sea-ways between the two countries. In the first place, the northen route was from Tengzou[滕州] in Shandong province[山東省] to Korea. In the second place, the southern route was from Mingzhou[明州] to Korea. The naturalized Korean people of Song birth was composed of nobles, officials, literati, merchants and so on. Noble, official and literati entered into government service to be naturalized. However, most of them were merchants. Taking look into the characteristics of the naturalized Korean people of Song birth, the contents is noted as below. First, some of them was from nobles or officials of the Song dynasty. Second, most of them actively wanted to become Korean people. Last, the Korean government accepted and treat well them. These preferential policies caused the condition that much more the upper classes and literati of the Song dynasty naturalized to Korea. The people who migrated form Song to Korea were relatively larger than those who migrated from Korea to Song. Korea allowed the naturalization of the Song’s people who have ability, but did not allowed the naturalization of the Blackwater Mohe[黑水女眞] people. The Korean government tested their erudition and ability on the people of Song. Sometimes King of Korea held the interview for them. In other cases, each ministries tested them. Then, the Korean government did not allow unconditional immigration, but accepted people who be useful in Korea. The appointment of the Song’s people were two ways. The most basic method was to pass the examinations for naturalization. And another method was to receive somebody’s recommendation. Under any circumstance, they had to have their own erudition and ability and be helpful to the Korean government for allowing the naturalization and the appointment. The competent people who have erudition and ability entered the Korean government and had the various government post. They might have played some important roles by diplomatic relations with the Song dynasty. And they might have been available to speak both Chinese and Korean languages. Based on this, they might have been a valuable part of the various areas such as political, economy, culture and so on.