학술논문
Effect of CLIQ on Training of HL-LHC Quadrupole Magnets
Document Type
Periodical
Author
Source
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on. 34(5):1-6 Aug, 2024
Subject
Language
ISSN
1051-8223
1558-2515
2378-7074
1558-2515
2378-7074
Abstract
The high-luminosity LHC upgrade requires stronger than LHC low-beta quadrupole magnets to reach the luminosity goals of the project. The project is well advanced and HL-LHC quadrupole magnets are currently being commissioned in US Labs (MQXFA magnets) and CERN (MQXFB magnets). Those are the first Nb 3 Sn magnets to be used in any large particle accelerator. At development stages, many Nb 3 Sn accelerator sub-scale models showed relatively slow training and MQXFA magnets were projected to have low tens of quenches before reaching operational field. Recently it was shown that dedicated capacitor-based de-vices can affect Nb 3 Sn magnet training, and it was suggested that CLIQ, a capacitor-based device intended for quench protection, can do too. The present paper investigates effects on training likely induced by CLIQ, using the base fact that only half the coils in a quadrupole experience upward current modulation at quench because of capacitor discharge. The study encompasses all MQXFA production magnets trained at BNL to date. No other high-statistics data from identical magnets (series) with CLIQ protection exist so far. Implications and opportunities stemming from data analysis are discussed and conclusions drawn.