부산대학교 도서관

Any modern storage system requires a management unit, which is made up of hardware and software components, to control charge and discharge phases; to ensure the optimal operating conditions, which must be kept within a safe operating area; to monitor system parameters; to quantify its state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH); and to communicate with other systems and with the user. All these functions directly or indirectly aim at extending the storage system lifetime, with a positive effect on costs, environmental impact, and precious raw material savings. When it refers to a battery, it is named a battery management system (BMS); it is interfaced with the battery through a number of sensors, and it includes a protection integrated circuit indicating the unsafe condition of the battery, by dealing with the overvoltage/undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, imbalance of cells, and thermal runaway.