학술논문
Passive UHF RFID-Based Real-Time Intravenous Fluid Level Sensor
Document Type
Periodical
Author
Source
IEEE Sensors Journal IEEE Sensors J. Sensors Journal, IEEE. 24(3):3863-3873 Feb, 2024
Subject
Language
ISSN
1530-437X
1558-1748
2379-9153
1558-1748
2379-9153
Abstract
Ultrahigh frequency (UHF) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based sensors are proposed for intravenous (IV) fluid level monitoring in medical Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Two versions of the sensor are proposed: a binary sensor (i.e., full versus empty state sensing) and a real-time (i.e., continuous level) sensor. The operating principle is demonstrated using full-wave electromagnetic simulation at 910 MHz and validated with experimental results. Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and random forest algorithms are employed for each interrogation dataset. Real-time sensing is accomplished with small deviations across the models. A minimum of 72% and a maximum of 97% of cases are within a 20% error for the GAM model and 62% to 98% for the random forest model. The proposed sensor is battery-free, lightweight, low-cost, and highly reliable. The read range of the proposed sensor is 4.6 m.