부산대학교 도서관

Minimally invasive surgery demands the development and maintenance of the specialized surgeon’s psychomotor skills. These skills can be measured objectively through hybrid and virtual training systems. Of which, the most advanced, integrates force feedback systems and augmented reality graphics. However, these systems are inaccessible because of their high cost, limiting the expected academic impact. In this article, we propose a computerized system for an objective evaluation, which can be integrated into any physical trainer at a low cost.