부산대학교 도서관

Air-sea fluxes quantify the transfers of momentum, heat, and mass between the ocean and atmosphere [1] . Representing the boundary conditions in coupled ocean-atmosphere models, the various air-sea fluxes and their accuracy are critical to ensure skillful forecasts on multiple time scales (days, weeks, months, years, decades) needed for Navy strategic planning [2] . The accuracy of the air-sea fluxes in current models is degraded when surface wind speeds are 5-9 m s -1 or above and the waves start to break and create whitecaps, bubble plumes, and sea spray. Whitecaps, bubbles, and spray provide additional pathways for air-sea transfer, thereby enhancing both exchanges across the air-sea interface and the turbulent mixing in the upper ocean [3] . However, these enhancements are poorly modeled due to insufficient data under high-wind conditions [4] .