학술논문
Vacuum phototriodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter endcap
Document Type
Conference
Author
Source
2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515) Nuclear science symposium Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE. 2:991-995 Vol.2 2003
Subject
Language
ISSN
1082-3654
Abstract
The measurement of scintillation light from the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS ECAL poses a substantial technical challenge, particularly in the endcap regions, where the radiation levels are highest. The photodetectors must be fast, sensitive, radiation-hard, and operate with significant internal gain in a magnetic field of 4 Tesla. The measured performance characteristics of the first batches of series production vacuum phototriodes (VPT), developed to satisfy the needs of CMS, will be described.