학술논문
Vacuum phototriodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter endcap
Document Type
Conference
Author
Source
Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37510) Instrumentation and measurement technology Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2004. IMTC 04. Proceedings of the 21st IEEE. 3:1866-1869 Vol.3 2004
Subject
Language
ISSN
1091-5281
Abstract
The measurement of scintillation light from the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS ECAL poses a substantial technical challenge, particularly in the endcap regions, where the radiation levels are highest. The photodetectors must be fast, sensitive, radiation-hard, and operate with significant internal gain in a magnetic field of 4 Tesla. In what follows, the measured performance characteristics of the first half of series production vacuum phototriodes (VPTs), specially developed to satisfy the needs of CMS, will be described. The mean measured VPT gain is 10.2 at 0 T and 9.7 at 4 T.