학술논문

Anisotropic Transverse Confinement Design for Electrically Pumped 850 nm VCSELs Tuned by an Intra Cavity Liquid-Crystal Cell
Document Type
Periodical
Source
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of. 28(1: Semiconductor Lasers):1-11 Jan, 2022
Subject
Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas
Photonics and Electrooptics
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
Tuning
Optical variables control
Optical refraction
Optical device fabrication
Gratings
Optical resonators
liquid crystal devices
semiconductor lasers
simulation
Language
ISSN
1077-260X
1558-4542
Abstract
Relying on preliminary experiments, in this work we design a tunable 850 nm laser based on a hybrid combination of a liquid crystal micro-cell with nanoimprinted grating and an electrically-pumped GaAs half-VCSEL. The optical design is challenging due to the inherent tolerances of this hybrid technology, the presence of metals in the cavity and the need for single fundamental extraordinary mode emission over the whole tuning range. To ensure proper operation, we introduce for the first time the new concept of anisotropic transverse confinement design. The overall performance is verified by our multiphysics VCSEL suite. Beyond tuning features, we predict side mode suppression ratio and optical power under all working conditions, comparing the performance of liquid crystals with different clearing temperatures. The results qualifies these lasers as viable tunable sources with interesting performance and complementary features compared to other technologies.