부산대학교 도서관

The papers in this special section focus on performance portability for advanced architectures. This is a very timely topic as we continue our journey to exascale computers. The leader on the Top 500 list today is the Fujitsu Fugaku computer in Japan, using a modified ARM architecture and 512-bit scalable vector extension (SVE) instructions. In the USA, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) has just dedicated Perlmutter, named for the Berkeley Nobel Laureate Saul Perlmutter. Perlmutter, built by Cray/HPE, contains both CPU-only and CPU/GPU nodes. The CPUs are produced by AMD and the GPUs come from NVIDIA. Frontier at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and El Capitan at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will contain new AMD GPUs, and Aurora at Argonne National Laboratory will feature new GPUs from Intel. Los Alamos National Laboratory’s next-generation machine Crossroads will use Intel CPUs with high-bandwidth memory and AVX-512 vector instructions. Optimizing code for three different GPUs is a daunting challenge for application programmers. Further, there are still many computers that do not feature GPUs, and most computational scientists would not be eager to totally abandon such machines.