학술논문
Autonomous Localization of X-Ray Baggage Threats via Weakly Supervised Learning
Document Type
Periodical
Author
Source
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on. 20(4):6563-6572 Apr, 2024
Subject
Language
ISSN
1551-3203
1941-0050
1941-0050
Abstract
Autonomous X-ray baggage security screening has shown significant strides recently, proving itself a viable solution to the flaws in manual screening, thanks to advancements in deep learning. However, these data-hungry techniques feed on extensively annotated data involving strenuous labor, impeding their advances in baggage screening. Consequently, we present a context-aware transformer for weakly supervised localization to relieve the annotation burden and provide visual interpretability that aids screeners in threat recognition and researchers in identifying the pitfalls of existing systems. The proposed approach can generalize and localize different types of contraband with only cost-effective binary labels without explicit training on item detection. Context extraction block, integrated into the dual-token framework, generates threat-aware context maps, while the token scoring block focuses on minimizing partial activations. Experimental results surpass state of the art (SOTA) methods in terms of classification and localization accuracies. Furthermore, we analyze failures to determine current vulnerabilities and provide new insights for future research.