학술논문
Dietary citric acid improves growth performance, feed utilization, phosphorus utilization, lateral scute hardness, and duodenal microstructure in juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × A. schrenckii ♂)
Document Type
article
Author
Source
Aquaculture Reports, Vol 33, Iss , Pp 101833- (2023)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2352-5134
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using citric acid (CA) as a feed supplement to improve phosphorus (P) utilization by juvenile hybrid sturgeon (19.75 ± 0.13 g). Four isophosphoric (1.00% total P) diets containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% CA were formulated (1.0% P-0.5% CA, 1.0% P-1% CA, 1.0% P-2% CA, 1.0% P-4% CA). A normal P (1.00% total P) diet and a high P (1.40% total P) diet without CA addition were designed as a negative control (1.0% P-0% CA) and a positive control (1.4% P-0% CA), respectively. A commercial diet (1.48% total P) was applied as a reference group (1.4% P-commercial). The seven diets were randomly allocated to 21 tanks with 15 fish per tank. The fish were hand fed to apparent satiation three meals daily for 8 weeks. The results manifested that significantly improved growth performance (final body weight, weight gain rate) and feed utilization (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio) were discovered in 1.0% P-0.5% CA group compared with two control groups. The P contents in dorsal muscle, vertebrae, and serum were significantly higher in 1.0% P-1% CA group compared with negative control. Additionally, the P retention rate in 1.0% P-0.5% CA and 1.0% P-1% CA groups were significantly higher than 1.4% P-0% CA group. Dietary addition of 0.5% and 1.0% CA significantly improved hardness of lateral scute compared with negative control. Compared with the negative control, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly improved by addition of 0.5% and 1.0% CA. Supplementation with 0.5% CA significantly elevated duodenal micromorphology (villi height, muscularis thickness, lamina propria width) compared with negative control. The duodenal type IIa sodium phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIa) mRNA level was significantly up-regulated by addition of 1.0% CA compared with two control groups. In a nutshell, CA could be a suitable feed supplement in sturgeon diet and dietary supplementation of 0.5% CA improved growth performance, feed utilization, P utilization efficiency, lateral scute hardness, and duodenal micromorphology.