학술논문
Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in children in Israel
Document Type
article
Author
Source
Environment International, Vol 121, Iss , Pp 643-648 (2018)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0160-4120
Abstract
Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in infants and children causes more frequent and severe asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome. The aim of this study was to measure ETS exposure in children in Israel (ages 4–11 years) using urinary cotinine measurements, in order to compare exposure levels to other international populations, and to assess predictors of ETS exposure in children in Israel. Methods: A subset of children who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (RAV- MABAT) in 2015–2016 were invited to participate in the Second Israel Biomonitoring Survey. We analyzed urinary cotinine and creatinine concentrations in 103 children. Parents of study participants were interviewed in person on children's exposure to ETS at home and in other environments and on sociodemographic variables. We calculated creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted urinary cotinine geometric means in children and analyzed associations in univariable and multivariable analyses, between sociodemographic variables and parental – reported exposure, and urinary cotinine concentrations. Results: Based on urinary creatinine measurement, over 60% of children are exposed to ETS (compared to