학술논문
Cognitive impairment in long-COVID and its association with persistent dysregulation in inflammatory markers
Document Type
article
Author
Rodolfo Furlan Damiano; Cristiana Castanho de Almeida Rocca; Antonio de Pádua Serafim; Jennifer M. Loftis; Leda Leme Talib; Pedro Mário Pan; Edecio Cunha-Neto; Jorge Kalil; Gabriela Salim de Castro; Marilia Seelaender; Bruno F. Guedes; Suely K. Nagahashi Marie; Heraldo Possolo de Souza; Ricardo Nitrini; Euripedes Constantino Miguel; Geraldo Busatto; Orestes V. Forlenza; HCFMUSP COVID-19 Study Group; Edivaldo M. Utiyama; Aluisio C. Segurado; Beatriz Perondi; Anna Miethke-Morais; Amanda C. Montal; Leila Harima; Solange R. G. Fusco; Marjorie F. Silva; Marcelo C. Rocha; Izabel Marcilio; Izabel Cristina Rios; Fabiane Yumi Ogihara Kawano; Maria Amélia de Jesus; Ésper G. Kallas; Carolina Carmo; Clarice Tanaka; Julio F. M. Marchini; Carlos R. Carvalho; Juliana C. Ferreira; Anna Sara Levin; Maura Salaroli Oliveira; Thaís Guimarães; Carolina dos Santos Lázari; Alberto José da Silva Duarte; Ester Sabino; Marcello M. C. Magri; Tarcisio E. P. Barros-Filho; Maria Cristina Peres Braido Francisco
Source
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 14 (2023)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1664-3224
Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze the potential impact of sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors on the long-term cognitive outcome of patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19.MethodsWe assessed 710 adult participants (Mean age = 55 ± 14; 48.3% were female) 6 to 11 months after hospital discharge with a complete cognitive battery, as well as a psychiatric, clinical and laboratory evaluation. A large set of inferential statistical methods was used to predict potential variables associated with any long-term cognitive impairment, with a focus on a panel of 28 cytokines and other blood inflammatory and disease severity markers.ResultsConcerning the subjective assessment of cognitive performance, 36.1% reported a slightly poorer overall cognitive performance, and 14.6% reported being severely impacted, compared to their pre-COVID-19 status. Multivariate analysis found sex, age, ethnicity, education, comorbidity, frailty and physical activity associated with general cognition. A bivariate analysis found that G-CSF, IFN-alfa2, IL13, IL15, IL1.RA, EL1.alfa, IL45, IL5, IL6, IL7, TNF-Beta, VEGF, Follow-up C-Reactive Protein, and Follow-up D-Dimer were significantly (p