부산대학교 도서관

Coordinated power demand management at residential or domestic levels allows energy participants to efficiently manage load profiles, increase energy efficiency and reduce operational cost. In this paper, a hierarchical coordination framework to optimally manage domestic load using photovoltaic (PV) units, battery-energy-storage-systems (BESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) is presented. The bidirectional power flow of EV with vehicle to grid (V2G) operation manages real-time domestic load profile and takes appropriate coordinated action using its controller when necessary. The proposed system has been applied to a real power distribution network and tested with real load patterns and load dynamics. This also includes various test scenarios and prosumer’s preferences e.g., with or without EVs, number of EV owners, number of households, and prosumer’s daily activities. This is a combined hybrid system for hierarchical coordination that consists of PV units, BES systems and EVs. The system performance was analyzed with different commercial EV types with charging/ discharging constraints and the result shows that the domestic load demand on the distribution grid during the peak period has been reduced significantly. In the end, this proposed system’s performance was compared with the prediction-based test techniques and the financial benefits were estimated.