학술논문
Mass testing and characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO
Document Type
article
Author
Angel Abusleme; Thomas Adam; Shakeel Ahmad; Rizwan Ahmed; Sebastiano Aiello; Muhammad Akram; Abid Aleem; Tsagkarakis Alexandros; Fengpeng An; Qi An; Giuseppe Andronico; Nikolay Anfimov; Vito Antonelli; Tatiana Antoshkina; Burin Asavapibhop; João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André; Didier Auguste; Weidong Bai; Nikita Balashov; Wander Baldini; Andrea Barresi; Davide Basilico; Eric Baussan; Marco Bellato; Antonio Bergnoli; Thilo Birkenfeld; Sylvie Blin; David Blum; Simon Blyth; Anastasia Bolshakova; Mathieu Bongrand; Clément Bordereau; Dominique Breton; Augusto Brigatti; Riccardo Brugnera; Riccardo Bruno; Antonio Budano; Jose Busto; Ilya Butorov; Anatael Cabrera; Barbara Caccianiga; Hao Cai; Xiao Cai; Yanke Cai; Zhiyan Cai; Riccardo Callegari; Antonio Cammi; Agustin Campeny; Chuanya Cao; Guofu Cao; Jun Cao; Rossella Caruso; Cédric Cerna; Chi Chan; Jinfan Chang; Yun Chang; Guoming Chen; Pingping Chen; Po-An Chen; Shaomin Chen; Xurong Chen; Yixue Chen; Yu Chen; Zhiyuan Chen; Zikang Chen; Jie Cheng; Yaping Cheng; Yu Chin Cheng; Alexey Chetverikov; Davide Chiesa; Pietro Chimenti; Artem Chukanov; Gérard Claverie; Catia Clementi; Barbara Clerbaux; Marta Colomer Molla; Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo; Daniele Corti; Flavio Dal Corso; Olivia Dalager; Christophe De La Taille; Zhi Deng; Ziyan Deng; Wilfried Depnering; Marco Diaz; Xuefeng Ding; Yayun Ding; Bayu Dirgantara; Sergey Dmitrievsky; Tadeas Dohnal; Dmitry Dolzhikov; Georgy Donchenko; Jianmeng Dong; Evgeny Doroshkevich; Marcos Dracos; Frédéric Druillole; Ran Du; Shuxian Du; Stefano Dusini; Martin Dvorak; Timo Enqvist; Heike Enzmann; Andrea Fabbri; Donghua Fan; Lei Fan; Jian Fang; Wenxing Fang; Marco Fargetta; Dmitry Fedoseev; Zhengyong Fei; Li-Cheng Feng; Qichun Feng; Richard Ford; Amélie Fournier; Haonan Gan; Feng Gao; Alberto Garfagnini; Arsenii Gavrikov; Marco Giammarchi; Nunzio Giudice; Maxim Gonchar; Guanghua Gong; Hui Gong; Yuri Gornushkin; Alexandre Göttel; Marco Grassi; Vasily Gromov; Minghao Gu; Xiaofei Gu; Yu Gu; Mengyun Guan; Yuduo Guan; Nunzio Guardone; Cong Guo; Jingyuan Guo; Wanlei Guo; Xinheng Guo; Yuhang Guo; Paul Hackspacher; Caren Hagner; Ran Han; Yang Han; Miao He; Wei He; Tobias Heinz; Patrick Hellmuth; Yuekun Heng; Rafael Herrera; YuenKeung Hor; Shaojing Hou; Yee Hsiung; Bei-Zhen Hu; Hang Hu; Jianrun Hu; Jun Hu; Shouyang Hu; Tao Hu; Yuxiang Hu; Zhuojun Hu; Guihong Huang; Hanxiong Huang; Kaixuan Huang; Wenhao Huang; Xin Huang; Xingtao Huang; Yongbo Huang; Jiaqi Hui; Lei Huo; Wenju Huo; Cédric Huss; Safeer Hussain; Ara Ioannisian; Roberto Isocrate; Beatrice Jelmini; Ignacio Jeria; Xiaolu Ji; Huihui Jia; Junji Jia; Siyu Jian; Di Jiang; Wei Jiang; Xiaoshan Jiang; Xiaoping Jing; Cécile Jollet; Jari Joutsenvaara; Leonidas Kalousis; Philipp Kampmann; Li Kang; Rebin Karaparambil; Narine Kazarian; Amina Khatun; Khanchai Khosonthongkee; Denis Korablev; Konstantin Kouzakov; Alexey Krasnoperov; Nikolay Kutovskiy; Pasi Kuusiniemi; Tobias Lachenmaier; Cecilia Landini; Sébastien Leblanc; Victor Lebrin; Frederic Lefevre; Ruiting Lei; Rupert Leitner; Jason Leung; Daozheng Li; Demin Li; Fei Li; Fule Li; Gaosong Li; Huiling Li; Mengzhao Li; Min Li; Nan Li; Qingjiang Li; Ruhui Li; Rui Li; Shanfeng Li; Tao Li; Teng Li; Weidong Li; Weiguo Li; Xiaomei Li; Xiaonan Li; Xinglong Li; Yi Li; Yichen Li; Yufeng Li; Zepeng Li; Zhaohan Li; Zhibing Li; Ziyuan Li; Zonghai Li; Hao Liang; Jiajun Liao; Ayut Limphirat; Guey-Lin Lin; Shengxin Lin; Tao Lin; Jiajie Ling; Ivano Lippi; Fang Liu; Haidong Liu; Haotian Liu; Hongbang Liu; Hongjuan Liu; Hongtao Liu; Hui Liu; Jianglai Liu; Jinchang Liu; Min Liu; Qian Liu; Qin Liu; Runxuan Liu; Shubin Liu; Shulin Liu; Xiaowei Liu; Xiwen Liu; Yan Liu; Yunzhe Liu; Alexey Lokhov; Paolo Lombardi; Claudio Lombardo; Kai Loo; Chuan Lu; Haoqi Lu; Jingbin Lu; Junguang Lu; Shuxiang Lu; Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev; Sultim Lubsandorzhiev; Livia Ludhova; Arslan Lukanov; Daibin Luo; Fengjiao Luo; Guang Luo; Shu Luo; Wuming Luo; Xiaojie Luo; Vladimir Lyashuk; Bangzheng Ma; Bing Ma; Qiumei Ma; Si Ma; Xiaoyan Ma; Xubo Ma; Jihane Maalmi; Jingyu Mai; Yury Malyshkin; Roberto Carlos Mandujano; Fabio Mantovani; Francesco Manzali; Xin Mao; Yajun Mao; Stefano M. Mari; Filippo Marini; Cristina Martellini; Gisele Martin-Chassard; Agnese Martini; Matthias Mayer; Davit Mayilyan; Ints Mednieks; Yue Meng; Anselmo Meregaglia; Emanuela Meroni; David Meyhöfer; Mauro Mezzetto; Jonathan Miller; Lino Miramonti; Paolo Montini; Michele Montuschi; Axel Müller; Massimiliano Nastasi; Dmitry V. Naumov; Elena Naumova; Diana Navas-Nicolas; Igor Nemchenok; Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi; Feipeng Ning; Zhe Ning; Hiroshi Nunokawa; Lothar Oberauer; Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux; Alexander Olshevskiy; Domizia Orestano; Fausto Ortica; Rainer Othegraven; Alessandro Paoloni; Sergio Parmeggiano; Yatian Pei; Luca Pelicci; Nicomede Pelliccia; Anguo Peng; Haiping Peng; Yu Peng; Zhaoyuan Peng; Frédéric Perrot; Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean; Fabrizio Petrucci; Oliver Pilarczyk; Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico; Artyom Popov; Pascal Poussot; Ezio Previtali; Fazhi Qi; Ming Qi; Sen Qian; Xiaohui Qian; Zhen Qian; Hao Qiao; Zhonghua Qin; Shoukang Qiu; Gioacchino Ranucci; Neill Raper; Alessandra Re; Henning Rebber; Abdel Rebii; Mariia Redchuk; Bin Ren; Jie Ren; Barbara Ricci; Mariam Rifai; Mathieu Roche; Narongkiat Rodphai; Aldo Romani; Bedřich Roskovec; Xichao Ruan; Arseniy Rybnikov; Andrey Sadovsky; Paolo Saggese; Simone Sanfilippo; Anut Sangka; Utane Sawangwit; Julia Sawatzki; Michaela Schever; Cédric Schwab; Konstantin Schweizer; Alexandr Selyunin; Andrea Serafini; Giulio Settanta; Mariangela Settimo; Zhuang Shao; Vladislav Sharov; Arina Shaydurova; Jingyan Shi; Yanan Shi; Vitaly Shutov; Andrey Sidorenkov; Fedor Šimkovic; Chiara Sirignano; Jaruchit Siripak; Monica Sisti; Maciej Slupecki; Mikhail Smirnov; Oleg Smirnov; Thiago Sogo-Bezerra; Sergey Sokolov; Julanan Songwadhana; Boonrucksar Soonthornthum; Albert Sotnikov; Ondřej Šrámek; Warintorn Sreethawong; Achim Stahl; Luca Stanco; Konstantin Stankevich; Dušan Štefánik; Hans Steiger; Jochen Steinmann; Tobias Sterr; Matthias Raphael Stock; Virginia Strati; Alexander Studenikin; Jun Su; Shifeng Sun; Xilei Sun; Yongjie Sun; Yongzhao Sun; Zhengyang Sun; Narumon Suwonjandee; Michal Szelezniak; Jian Tang; Qiang Tang; Quan Tang; Xiao Tang; Eric Theisen; Alexander Tietzsch; Igor Tkachev; Tomas Tmej; Marco Danilo Claudio Torri; Konstantin Treskov; Andrea Triossi; Giancarlo Troni; Wladyslaw Trzaska; Cristina Tuve; Nikita Ushakov; Vadim Vedin; Giuseppe Verde; Maxim Vialkov; Benoit Viaud; Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht; Cristina Volpe; Katharina von Sturm; Vit Vorobel; Dmitriy Voronin; Lucia Votano; Pablo Walker; Caishen Wang; Chung-Hsiang Wang; En Wang; Guoli Wang; Jian Wang; Jun Wang; Lu Wang; Meifen Wang; Meng Wang; Ruiguang Wang; Siguang Wang; Wei Wang; Wenshuai Wang; Xi Wang; Xiangyue Wang; Yangfu Wang; Yaoguang Wang; Yi Wang; Yifang Wang; Yuanqing Wang; Yuman Wang; Zhe Wang; Zheng Wang; Zhimin Wang; Zongyi Wang; Apimook Watcharangkool; Wei Wei; Wenlu Wei; Yadong Wei; Kaile Wen; Liangjian Wen; Christopher Wiebusch; Steven Chan-Fai Wong; Bjoern Wonsak; Diru Wu; Qun Wu; Zhi Wu; Michael Wurm; Jacques Wurtz; Christian Wysotzki; Yufei Xi; Dongmei Xia; Xiang Xiao; Xiaochuan Xie; Yuguang Xie; Zhangquan Xie; Zhao Xin; Zhizhong Xing; Benda Xu; Cheng Xu; Donglian Xu; Fanrong Xu; Hangkun Xu; Jilei Xu; Jing Xu; Meihang Xu; Yin Xu; Yu Xu; Baojun Yan; Taylor Yan; Wenqi Yan; Xiongbo Yan; Yupeng Yan; Changgen Yang; Chengfeng Yang; Huan Yang; Jie Yang; Lei Yang; Xiaoyu Yang; Yifan Yang; Haifeng Yao; Jiaxuan Ye; Mei Ye; Ziping Ye; Frédéric Yermia; Na Yin; Zhengyun You; Boxiang Yu; Chiye Yu; Chunxu Yu; Hongzhao Yu; Miao Yu; Xianghui Yu; Zeyuan Yu; Zezhong Yu; Cenxi Yuan; Chengzhuo Yuan; Ying Yuan; Zhenxiong Yuan; Baobiao Yue; Noman Zafar; Vitalii Zavadskyi; Shan Zeng; Tingxuan Zeng; Yuda Zeng; Liang Zhan; Aiqiang Zhang; Bin Zhang; Binting Zhang; Feiyang Zhang; Guoqing Zhang; Honghao Zhang; Jialiang Zhang; Jiawen Zhang; Jie Zhang; Jin Zhang; Jingbo Zhang; Jinnan Zhang; Mohan Zhang; Peng Zhang; Qingmin Zhang; Shiqi Zhang; Shu Zhang; Tao Zhang; Xiaomei Zhang; Xin Zhang; Xuantong Zhang; Xueyao Zhang; Yinhong Zhang; Yiyu Zhang; Yongpeng Zhang; Yu Zhang; Yuanyuan Zhang; Yumei Zhang; Zhenyu Zhang; Zhijian Zhang; Fengyi Zhao; Jie Zhao; Rong Zhao; Runze Zhao; Shujun Zhao; Dongqin Zheng; Hua Zheng; Yangheng Zheng; Weirong Zhong; Jing Zhou; Li Zhou; Nan Zhou; Shun Zhou; Tong Zhou; Xiang Zhou; Jiang Zhu; Jingsen Zhu; Kangfu Zhu; Kejun Zhu; Zhihang Zhu; Bo Zhuang; Honglin Zhuang; Liang Zong; Jiaheng Zou; JUNO Collaboration
Source
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields, Vol 82, Iss 12, Pp 1-42 (2022)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1434-6052
Abstract
Abstract Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3% at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK).