부산대학교 도서관

We present novel approximates of variational losses, being applicable for the training of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The formulations reflect classic Sobolev space theory for partial differential equations (PDEs) and their weak formulations. The loss approximates rest on polynomial differentiation realised by an extension of classic Gauss–Legendre cubatures , we term Sobolev cubatures , and serve as a replacement of automatic differentiation . We prove the training time complexity of the resulting Sobolev -PINNs with polynomial differentiation to be less than required by PINNs relying on automatic differentiation. On top of one-to-two order of magnitude speed-up the Sobolev-PINNs are demonstrated to achieve closer solution approximations for prominent forward and inverse, linear and non-linear PDE problems compared to established PINNs.