학술논문
Increased Seroprevalence and Improved Antibody Responses Following Third Primary SARS-CoV-2 Immunisation: An Update From the COV-AD Study
Document Type
article
Author
Adrian M. Shields; Sian E. Faustini; Harriet J. Hill; Saly Al-Taei; Chloe Tanner; Fiona Ashford; Sarita Workman; Fernando Moreira; Nisha Verma; Hollie Wagg; Gail Heritage; Naomi Campton; Zania Stamataki; Mark T. Drayson; Paul Klenerman; James E. D. Thaventhiran; Shuayb Elkhalifa; Sarah Goddard; Sarah Johnston; Aarnoud Huissoon; Claire Bethune; Suzanne Elcombe; David M. Lowe; Smita Y. Patel; Sinisa Savic; Alex G. Richter; Siobhan O. Burns; the COV-AD consortium; Zahra Ahmed; Angus Best; Joanne Dasgin; Mohammad Dinally; Elena Efstathiou; Theresa McCarthy; Madeeha Hoque; Shannon Page; Timothy Plant; Zehra Suleiman; Neil Townsend; Charlotte Trinham; Sinead Walder; Hollie Bancroft; Michelle Bates; Hayley Clifford; Christopher McGee; Samuel Chee; Lucy Common; Archana Herwadkar; Karen Knowles; Maria Poulaka; Georgina Davis; Daniel Mullan; Stuart Wareham; Fatima Dhalla; Rashmi Jain; Hadeil Morsi; Nicholas Peters; Mark Gompels; Malgorzata Slowinsksa; Dan Hartland; Emily Heritage; Joe Humphreys; Deborah Hughes; Ann Ivory; Sinead Kelly; Eileen O’Grady; Archana Shajidevadas
Source
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 13 (2022)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1664-3224
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with primary and secondary antibody deficiency are vulnerable to COVID-19 and demonstrate diminished responses following two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine schedules. Third primary vaccinations have been deployed to enhance their humoral and cellular immunity.ObjectivesTo determine the immunogenicity of the third primary SARS-CoV-2 immunisation in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with antibody deficiency.MethodsParticipants enrolled in the COV-AD study were sampled before and after their third vaccine dose. Serological and cellular responses were determined using ELISA, live-virus neutralisation and ELISPOT assays.ResultsFollowing a two-dose schedule, 100% of healthy controls mounted a serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, however, 38.6% of individuals with antibody deficiency remained seronegative. A third primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine significantly increased anti-spike glycoprotein antibody seroprevalence from 61.4% to 76.0%, the magnitude of the antibody response, its neutralising capacity and induced seroconversion in individuals who were seronegative after two vaccine doses. Vaccine-induced serological responses were broadly cross-reactive against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant of concern, however, seroprevalence and antibody levels remained significantly lower than healthy controls. No differences in serological responses were observed between individuals who received AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Pfizer BioNTech 162b2 during their initial two-dose vaccine schedule. SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive participants who had received a heterologous vaccine as a third dose were significantly more likely to have a detectable T cell response following their third vaccine dose (61.5% vs 11.1%).ConclusionThese data support the widespread use of third primary immunisations to enhance humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with antibody deficiency.