학술논문
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Vaccination Model City in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Document Type
article
Author
Svetoslav Nanev Slavov; Debora Glenda Lima de La-Roque; Pericles Natan Mendes da Costa; Evandra Strazza Rodrigues; Elaine Vieira Santos; Josiane Serrano Borges; Mariane Evaristo; Juliana de Matos Maçonetto; Adriana Aparecida Marques; Jonathan Milhomens; Felipe Augusto Rós; Vagner Fonseca; Alex Ranieri Jerônimo Lima; Gabriela Ribeiro; Loyze Paola Oliveira de Lima; Pedro Manuel Marques Garibaldi; Natasha Nicos Ferreira; Glenda Renata Moraes; Elaine Cristina Marqueze; Claudia Renata dos Santos Barros; Antonio Jorge Martins; Luiz Lehmann Coutinho; Rodrigo Tocantins Calado; Marcos Borges; Maria Carolina Elias; Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio; Marta Giovanetti; Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara; Dimas Tadeu Covas; Simone Kashima
Source
Viruses, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 2148 (2022)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1999-4915
Abstract
From a country with one of the highest SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality rates, Brazil has implemented one of the most successful vaccination programs. Brazil’s first model city vaccination program was performed by the CoronaVac vaccine (Sinovac Biotech) in the town of Serrana, São Paulo State. To evaluate the vaccination effect on the SARS-CoV-2 molecular dynamics and clinical outcomes, we performed SARS-CoV-2 molecular surveillance on 4375 complete genomes obtained between June 2020 and April 2022 in this location. This study included the period between the initial SARS-CoV-2 introduction and during the vaccination process. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 substitution dynamics in Serrana followed the viral molecular epidemiology in Brazil, including the initial identification of the ancestral lineages (B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33) and epidemic waves of variants of concern (VOC) including the Gamma, Delta, and, more recently, Omicron. Most probably, as a result of the immunization campaign, the mortality during the Gamma and Delta VOC was significantly reduced compared to the rest of Brazil, which was also related to lower morbidity. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary history of the SARS-CoV-2 in this location and showed that multiple introduction events have occurred over time. The evaluation of the COVID-19 clinical outcome revealed that most cases were mild (88.9%, 98.1%, 99.1% to Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, respectively) regardless of the infecting VOC. In conclusion, we observed that vaccination was responsible for reducing the death toll rate and related COVID-19 morbidity, especially during the gamma and Delta VOC; however, it does not prevent the rapid substitution rate and morbidity of the Omicron VOC.