학술논문

Correlation of refractive index based and THz streaking arrival time tools for a hard X-ray free-electron laser
Document Type
article
Source
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol 31, Iss 2, Pp 233-242 (2024)
Subject
x-ray free-electron lasers
timing tools
thz streaking
spatial encoding
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
QC770-798
Crystallography
QD901-999
Language
English
ISSN
1600-5775
16005775
Abstract
To fully exploit ultra-short X-ray pulse durations routinely available at X-ray free-electron lasers to follow out-of-equilibrium dynamics, inherent arrival time fluctuations of the X-ray pulse with an external perturbing laser pulse need to be measured. In this work, two methods of arrival time measurement were compared to measure the arrival time jitter of hard X-ray pulses. The methods were photoelectron streaking by a THz field and a transient refractive index change of a semiconductor. The methods were validated by shot-to-shot correction of a pump–probe transient reflectivity measurement. An ultimate shot-to-shot full width at half-maximum error between the devices of 19.2 ± 0.1 fs was measured.