학술논문
Association of neighborhood-level sociodemographic factors with Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) distribution of COVID-19 rapid antigen tests in 5 US communities
Document Type
article
Author
Carly Herbert; Qiming Shi; Jonggyu Baek; Biqi Wang; Vik Kheterpal; Christopher Nowak; Thejas Suvarna; Aditi Singh; Paul Hartin; Basyl Durnam; Summer Schrader; Emma Harman; Ben Gerber; Bruce Barton; Adrian Zai; Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez; Giselle Corbie-Smith; Warren Kibbe; Juan Marquez; Nathaniel Hafer; John Broach; Honghuang Lin; William Heetderks; David D McManus; Apurv Soni
Source
BMC Public Health, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1471-2458
Abstract
Abstract Background Many interventions for widescale distribution of rapid antigen tests for COVID-19 have utilized online, direct-to-consumer (DTC) ordering systems; however, little is known about the sociodemographic characteristics of home-test users. We aimed to characterize the patterns of online orders for rapid antigen tests and determine geospatial and temporal associations with neighborhood characteristics and community incidence of COVID-19, respectively. Methods This observational study analyzed online, DTC orders for rapid antigen test kits from beneficiaries of the Say Yes! Covid Test program from March to November 2021 in five communities: Louisville, Kentucky; Indianapolis, Indiana; Fulton County, Georgia; O’ahu, Hawaii; and Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti, Michigan. Using spatial autoregressive models, we assessed the geospatial associations of test kit distribution with Census block-level education, income, age, population density, and racial distribution and Census tract-level Social Vulnerability Index. Lag association analyses were used to measure the association between online rapid antigen kit orders and community-level COVID-19 incidence. Results In total, 164,402 DTC test kits were ordered during the intervention. Distribution of tests at all sites were significantly geospatially clustered at the block-group level (Moran’s I: p