학술논문
Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
Document Type
article
Author
Sarah Lapidus; Feimei Liu; Arnau Casanovas-Massana; Yile Dai; John D. Huck; Carolina Lucas; Jon Klein; Renata B. Filler; Madison S. Strine; Mouhamad Sy; Awa B. Deme; Aida S. Badiane; Baba Dieye; Ibrahima Mbaye Ndiaye; Younous Diedhiou; Amadou Moctar Mbaye; Cheikh Tidiane Diagne; Inés Vigan-Womas; Alassane Mbengue; Bacary D. Sadio; Moussa M. Diagne; Adam J. Moore; Khadidiatou Mangou; Fatoumata Diallo; Seynabou D. Sene; Mariama N. Pouye; Rokhaya Faye; Babacar Diouf; Nivison Nery; Federico Costa; Mitermayer G. Reis; M. Catherine Muenker; Daniel Z. Hodson; Yannick Mbarga; Ben Z. Katz; Jason R. Andrews; Melissa Campbell; Ariktha Srivathsan; Kathy Kamath; Elisabeth Baum-Jones; Ousmane Faye; Amadou Alpha Sall; Juan Carlos Quintero Vélez; Michael Cappello; Michael Wilson; Choukri Ben-Mamoun; Richard Tedder; Myra McClure; Peter Cherepanov; Fabrice A. Somé; Roch K. Dabiré; Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko; Jean Bosco Ouédraogo; Yap Boum; John Shon; Daouda Ndiaye; Adam Wisnewski; Sunil Parikh; Akiko Iwasaki; Craig B. Wilen; Albert I. Ko; Aaron M. Ring; Amy K. Bei
Source
Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2022)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2045-2322
Abstract
Abstract Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results are associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from malaria-endemic countries. Here, pre-pandemic samples from eight malaria endemic and non-endemic countries and four continents were tested by ELISA to measure SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 subunit reactivity. Individuals with acute malaria infection generated substantial SARS-CoV-2 reactivity. Cross-reactivity was not associated with reactivity to other human coronaviruses or other SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as measured by peptide and protein arrays. ELISAs with deglycosylated and desialated Spike S1 subunits revealed that cross-reactive antibodies target sialic acid on N-linked glycans of the Spike protein. The functional activity of cross-reactive antibodies measured by neutralization assays showed that cross-reactive antibodies did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Since routine use of glycosylated or sialated assays could result in false positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results in malaria endemic regions, which could overestimate exposure and population-level immunity, we explored methods to increase specificity by reducing cross-reactivity. Overestimating population-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could lead to underestimates of risk of continued COVID-19 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.