학술논문

Terminology for chain polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Document Type
research-article
Source
Pure and Applied Chemistry. 94(9):1093-1147
Subject
anionic
catalyst-transfer
cationic
chain polymerization
controlled polymerization
coordination
coordination polymerization
group transfer polymerization
insertion polymerization
ionic polymerization
living polymerization
radical
radical polymerization
reverible deactivation polymerization
IUPAC Recommendation
Language
English
ISSN
0033-4545
1365-3075
Abstract
Chain polymerizations are defined as chain reactions where the propagation steps occur by reaction between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chains with regeneration of the active site(s) at each step. Many forms of chain polymerization can be distinguished according to the mechanism of the propagation step (e.g., cyclopolymerization – when rings are formed, condensative chain polymerization – when propagation is a condensation reaction, group-transfer polymerization, polyinsertion, ring-opening polymerization – when rings are opened), whether they involve a termination step or not (e.g., living polymerization – when termination is absent, reversible-deactivation polymerization), whether a transfer step is involved (e.g., degenerative-transfer polymerization), and the type of chain carrier or active site (e.g., radical, ion, electrophile, nucleophile, coordination complex). The objective of this document is to provide a language for describing chain polymerizations that is both readily understandable and self-consistent, and which covers recent developments in this rapidly evolving field.