부산대학교 도서관

目的 了解我国城市家庭居室积尘中金属/类金属的污染特征,为居室积尘金属/类金属污染的防控提供科学依据.方法 针对我国居民日常生活情景,2018 年在我国五城市 152 户居民家中采集居室积尘样品(暖季和冷季各 1 次);采用ICP-MS法对居室积尘中 19 种金属/类金属进行测定;不同类型城市、不同风向区、不同季节间比较采用秩和检验.结果 本研究共纳入 185 份居室积尘样品,19 种金属/类金属的含量范围为 0.01 μg/g(汞)～17 105.42 μg/g(钛).其中钛、钡、锰含量最高,M 分别为 3 351.62、610.66、566.50 μg/g.镉、铜、硼、钡、镍和砷含量 M 分别为我国土壤背景值的 3.04、1.42、1.37、1.35、1.28 和 1.26 倍.冷季兰州居室积尘样品中的铬、砷和锑,绵阳的钡、钒、铬、钴、钼和铊,石家庄的钒和汞含量高于暖季(Z为-2.979～-2.042,P＜0.05);下风向区洛阳居室积尘样品中的钴和钼,绵阳的钡、钒、铬、钴和钼,深圳的钒、铬、镍和铅,石家庄的硒高于上风向区(Z为-3.071～-1.985,P＜0.05).不同等级城市金属/类金属含量有差异,一线城市中,锌、镍和镉含量较高,分别为 94.46 μg/g(Z=7.468,P=0.024)、53.04 μg/g(Z= 14.373,P= 0.001)和 0.47 μg/g(Z= 15.654,P＜0.001);二线城市中,铜和钒含量较高,分别为 46.80 μg/g和 84.32 μg/g(Z分别为 67.062 和 59.764,P＜0.001);汞、锑、铍、钴、铬、锰和钡在三线城市含量较高.结论 五城市居室积尘样品中 19 种金属/类金属均有检出,镉、铜、硼、钡、镍和砷超出土壤背景值倍数较高,金属/类金属含量总体趋势为冷季高于暖季,下风向区高于上风向区.三线城市居室积尘中,汞、锑、铍、钴、铬、锰和钡的含量较高,二线城市铜、钒含量较高,一线城市镉、镍和锌含量较高.
Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of metals/metalloids in household dust in the cities,China,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of metal/metalloid pollution in household dust.Methods According to the daily life scenarios of Chinese residents,samples of household dust were collected from 152 households in five cities in China in 2018(once in warm season and once in cold season),and the content of 19 kinds of metals/metalloids in the samples were measured by ICP-MS.Rank-sum test was performed for comparison between different types of cities,different wind direction areas and different sea-sons.Results A total of 185 household dust samples were measured,and the content of 19 metals/metalloids in the samples ranged from 0.01 μg/g(mercury)to 17 105.42 μg/g(titanium).The content of titanium,barium,and manganese were the highest,with median concentration of 3 351.62,610.66,and 566.50 μg/g,respectively.The median concentration of cadmium,copper,boron,barium,nickel,and arsenic was 3.04,1.42,1.37,1.35,1.28,and 1.26 times of the soil background values in China,respective-ly.The contents of chromium,arsenic and antimony in the household dust of Lanzhou,barium,vanadium,chromium,cobalt,molyb-denum and thallium of Mianyang,and vanadium and mercury of Shijiazhuang were higher in the cold season than those in the warm season(Z ranged from-2.979 to-2.042,P＜0.05).The cobalt and molybdenum in the household dust of Luoyang,the barium,va-nadium,chromium,cobalt and molybdenum in Mianyang,the vanadium,chromium,nickel and lead in Shenzhen,and the selenium in Shijiazhuang were higher in the downwind area than those in the upwind area(Z ranged from-3.071 to-1.985,P＜0.05).The first-tier cities had a significantly higher contents of zinc of 94.46 μg/g(Z=7.468,P=0.024),nickel of 53.04 μg/g(Z=14.373,P=0.001),and cadmium of 0.47 μg/g(Z=15.654,P＜0.001),and the second-tier cities had a significantly higher contents of cop-per(46.80 μg/g)and vanadium(84.32 μg/g)(Z were 67.062 and 59.764,respectively,P＜0.001),while the higher contents of mercury,antimony,beryllium,cobalt,chromium,manganese,and barium were observed in the third-tier cities.Conclusion Nine-teen kinds of metals/metalloids were detected in the household dust,and the contents of cadmium,copper,boron,barium,nickel and arsenic exceeded the soil background value by a higher multiple.The overall trend of metal/metalloid content was higher in the cold season than that in the warm season,and higher in the downwind areas than that in the upwind areas.The contents of mercury,antimo-ny,beryllium,cobalt,chromium,manganese,and barium in household dust were higher in the third-tier cities.There were relatively high contents of copper and vanadium in the second-tier cities and relatively high contents of cadmium,nickel,and zinc in the first-tier cities.