학술논문
如何防止企业堕入"扶持悖论"陷阱 / Preventing enterprises'innovation from falling into"support paradox trap"
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
管理工程学报 / Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. 38(1):145-161
Subject
Language
Chinese
ISSN
1004-6062
Abstract
本文通过使用机器学习算法中Boosting回归树模型,以中国2010-2019年A股上市企业作为研究对象,探寻政府扶持和企业内部创新激励政策对企业研发活动影响情况.研究结果表明,政府扶持和企业内部激励机制均能够影响企业研发投入强度,但企业创新更依赖政府扶持,尤其是政府补贴,在企业内部创新激励政策中,普通员工晋升激励对企业研发投入影响最强.无论政府对行业扶持集中度高或低,企业研发活动都更依靠政府扶持,企业内部激励机制对其研发活动影响具有差异性,企业普通员工晋升激励和企业高管晋升激励分别在扶持集中度低和扶持集中度高的行业中影响最大.企业员工薪酬在行业处于较高水平时,政府扶持对企业研发活动影响最大,此时管理者晋升激励在企业内部激励机制中对企业研发活动影响最大.国营企业以及私营企业研发活动都更易受政府扶持影响,在企业内部激励机制中,两类企业副总裁层级晋升激励作用最强.本文研究结论丰富了政策激励企业创新的理论成果,也为今后中国企业如何独立自主创新提供指导建议.
As an important carrier of the real economy and the main body of the socialist market economy,China's enterprises still own profound market potential and strong expansion power,whose capability of innovating independently plays a vital role in the development of enterprises.The independent innovation ability of enterprises is encouraged by government support and enterprise innovation incentive mechanism.At present,the government and enterprises demonstrate a vague function in improving the enterprises'innovation ability.Enterprises gaining excessive governmental support and forming overreliance on supporting policies will easily fail their innovation into the whirlpool of"support paradox",causing the loss of public resources and enterprises to habitually rely on external support for scientific and technological research and development(R&D).To solve the above problems,this paper firstly clarifies the reasons for the paradox generated by governmental support for enterprise innovation from the perspective of the enterprise-government relationship.By applying Boosting regression tree model in machine learning algorithm as the research method,this paper selects the data of A-share listed enterprises in China from 2010 to 2019,to focus on the impact of China's governmental support and internal incentive mechanism on enterprise innovation activities,and how internal innovation incentives play a more effective role in stimulating enterprise innovation activities.The first part discusses the influence given by government support and enterprises'internal incentives on enterprise innovation activities.The results show that both can affect enterprise innovation activities which however demonstrate higher dependency on governmental support,among which government subsidy has a stronger influence and ordinary employees'promotion incentive has a higher influential intensity in enterprise internal incentive mechanism.The second part further discusses how government support and internal incentive mechanism affect enterprise innovation from the following perspectives: 1)When the concentration of government support to different industries varies,the influence of government support and internal incentives on enterprise innovation activities is studied.The results show that R&D activities of enterprises in all professions all illustrate high dependency on government support,especially on government subsidies,no matter how high or low the concentration of support is.However,the effects of enterprises'internal incentives are different in two types of government support concentration.In the industries with low government support concentration,the R&D process of enterprises is more affected by the promotion incentives of internal ordinary employees,while in the industries with high support concentration,the promotion incentive of enterprise executives highlights its role in enterprise innovation activities. 2)The study on the influence of promotion incentives in the same industry on enterprise innovation activities has been conducted.The results show that the R&D activities of enterprises are still more susceptible to government support when employees can get higher pay than the industry's average.At this time,the promotion incentive of managers can exert more incentive effect on R&D activities of enterprises in the internal innovation incentive mechanism of enterprises, 3)The influence of government support and internal incentive mechanism on innovation activities of different enterprises is studied.The heterogeneity of enterprise property rights also determines enterprises'different operation modes and incentive modes.The results show that the R&D activities of enterprises with different property rights are more affected by government support,while in the internal incentive mechanism of enterprises,vice presidents'promotion incentive has the strongest effect on R&D activities of enterprises,but ordinary employee promotion incentive and equity incentive in private enterprises are of exploitable potential. Overall at present,China's enterprises rely more on government support for innovation activities,especially on government subsidies,while the incentive mechanism within enterprises is insufficient.Under the current situation that the functions of China's government are diverting from management to service,the government should clarify its guiding role,appropriately use supporting means,and establish a screening and supervision mechanism for its supporting objects.Enterprises should pay attention to the incentive effects of salary and promotion and set up a reasonable salary incentive system and promotion criteria to stimulate ordinary employees'innovation.
As an important carrier of the real economy and the main body of the socialist market economy,China's enterprises still own profound market potential and strong expansion power,whose capability of innovating independently plays a vital role in the development of enterprises.The independent innovation ability of enterprises is encouraged by government support and enterprise innovation incentive mechanism.At present,the government and enterprises demonstrate a vague function in improving the enterprises'innovation ability.Enterprises gaining excessive governmental support and forming overreliance on supporting policies will easily fail their innovation into the whirlpool of"support paradox",causing the loss of public resources and enterprises to habitually rely on external support for scientific and technological research and development(R&D).To solve the above problems,this paper firstly clarifies the reasons for the paradox generated by governmental support for enterprise innovation from the perspective of the enterprise-government relationship.By applying Boosting regression tree model in machine learning algorithm as the research method,this paper selects the data of A-share listed enterprises in China from 2010 to 2019,to focus on the impact of China's governmental support and internal incentive mechanism on enterprise innovation activities,and how internal innovation incentives play a more effective role in stimulating enterprise innovation activities.The first part discusses the influence given by government support and enterprises'internal incentives on enterprise innovation activities.The results show that both can affect enterprise innovation activities which however demonstrate higher dependency on governmental support,among which government subsidy has a stronger influence and ordinary employees'promotion incentive has a higher influential intensity in enterprise internal incentive mechanism.The second part further discusses how government support and internal incentive mechanism affect enterprise innovation from the following perspectives: 1)When the concentration of government support to different industries varies,the influence of government support and internal incentives on enterprise innovation activities is studied.The results show that R&D activities of enterprises in all professions all illustrate high dependency on government support,especially on government subsidies,no matter how high or low the concentration of support is.However,the effects of enterprises'internal incentives are different in two types of government support concentration.In the industries with low government support concentration,the R&D process of enterprises is more affected by the promotion incentives of internal ordinary employees,while in the industries with high support concentration,the promotion incentive of enterprise executives highlights its role in enterprise innovation activities. 2)The study on the influence of promotion incentives in the same industry on enterprise innovation activities has been conducted.The results show that the R&D activities of enterprises are still more susceptible to government support when employees can get higher pay than the industry's average.At this time,the promotion incentive of managers can exert more incentive effect on R&D activities of enterprises in the internal innovation incentive mechanism of enterprises, 3)The influence of government support and internal incentive mechanism on innovation activities of different enterprises is studied.The heterogeneity of enterprise property rights also determines enterprises'different operation modes and incentive modes.The results show that the R&D activities of enterprises with different property rights are more affected by government support,while in the internal incentive mechanism of enterprises,vice presidents'promotion incentive has the strongest effect on R&D activities of enterprises,but ordinary employee promotion incentive and equity incentive in private enterprises are of exploitable potential. Overall at present,China's enterprises rely more on government support for innovation activities,especially on government subsidies,while the incentive mechanism within enterprises is insufficient.Under the current situation that the functions of China's government are diverting from management to service,the government should clarify its guiding role,appropriately use supporting means,and establish a screening and supervision mechanism for its supporting objects.Enterprises should pay attention to the incentive effects of salary and promotion and set up a reasonable salary incentive system and promotion criteria to stimulate ordinary employees'innovation.