학술논문
A Gamma-ray Pulsar Timing Array Constrains the Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Ajello, M.; Atwood, W. B.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bellazzini, R.; Berretta, A.; Bhattacharyya, B.; Bissaldi, E.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E.; Bonino, R.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Burns, E.; Buson, S.; Cameron, R. A.; Caraveo, P. A.; Cavazzuti, E.; Cibrario, N.; Ciprini, S.; Clark, C. J.; Cognard, I.; Coronado-Blázquez, J.; Crnogorcevic, M.; Cromartie, H.; Crowter, K.; Cutini, S.; D'Ammando, F.; Gaetano, S. D.; Palma, F. d.; Digel, S. W.; Lalla, N. D.; Dirirsa, F. Fan.; Venere, L. D.; Domínguez, A.; Ferrara, E. C.; Fiori, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk, S.; Fusco, P.; Gammaldi, V.; Gargano, F.; Gasparrini, D.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Green, D.; Grenier, I. A.; Guillemot, L.; Guiriec, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Hewitt, J. W.; Horan, D.; Hou, X.; Jóhannesson, G.; Keith, M. J.; Kerr, M.; Kramer, M.; Kuss, M.; Larsson, S.; Latronico, L.; Li, J.; Longo, F.; Loparco, F.; Lovellette, M. N.; Lubrano, P.; Maldera, S.; Manfreda, A.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Mereu, I.; Michelson, P. F.; Mirabal, N.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Mizuno, T.; Monzani, M. E.; Morselli, A.; Negro, M.; Nieder, L.; Ojha, R.; Omodei, N.; Orienti, M.; Orlando, E.; Ormes, J. F.; Paneque, D.; Parthasarathy, A.; Pei, Z.; Persic, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pillera, R.; Poon, H.; Porter, T. A.; Principe, G.; Racusin, J. L.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Rani, B.; Ransom, S. M.; Ray, P. S.; Razzano, M.; Razzaque, S.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Roy, J.; Sánchez-Conde, M.; Parkinson, P. M. Sa.; Scargle, J.; Scotton, L.; Serini, D.; Sgrò, C.; Siskind, E. J.; Smith, D. A.; Spandre, G.; Spiewak, R.; Spinelli, P.; Stairs, I.; Suson, D. J.; Swihart, S. J.; Tabassum, S.; Thayer, J. B.; Theureau, G.; Torres, D. F.; Troja, E.; Valverde, J.; Wadiasingh, Z.; Wood, K.; Zaharijas, G.
Source
Subject
Language
Abstract
After large galaxies merge, their central supermassive black holes are expected to form binary systems whose orbital motion generates a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Searches for this background utilize pulsar timing arrays, which perform long-term monitoring of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) at radio wavelengths. We use 12.5 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data to form a gamma-ray pulsar timing array. Results from 35 bright gamma-ray pulsars place a 95\% credible limit on the GWB characteristic strain of $1.0\times10^{-14}$ at 1 yr$^{-1}$, which scales as the observing time span $t_{\mathrm{obs}}^{-13/6}$. This direct measurement provides an independent probe of the GWB while offering a check on radio noise models.
Comment: 3 figures in the main text. 3 figures and 8 tables are in the supplementary material
Comment: 3 figures in the main text. 3 figures and 8 tables are in the supplementary material