학술논문
Search for neutrinos in coincidence with gravitational wave events from the LIGO-Virgo O3a Observing Run with the Super-Kamiokande detector
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
collaboration, The Super-Kamiokande; Abe, K.; Bronner, C.; Hayato, Y.; Ikeda, M.; Imaizumi, S.; Kameda, J.; Kanemura, Y.; Kataoka, Y.; Miki, S.; Miura, M.; Moriyama, S.; Nagao, Y.; Nakahata, M.; Nakayama, S.; Okada, T.; Okamoto, K.; Orii, A.; Pronost, G.; Sekiya, H.; Shiozawa, M.; Sonoda, Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Takeda, A.; Takemoto, Y.; Takenaka, A.; Tanaka, H.; Watanabe, S.; Yano, T.; Han, S.; Kajita, T.; Okumura, K.; Tashiro, T.; Wang, R.; Xia, J.; Megias, G. D.; Bravo-Berguño, D.; Labarga, L.; Marti, Ll.; Zaldivar, B.; Pointon, B. W.; Blaszczyk, F. d. M.; Kearns, E.; Raaf, J. L.; Stone, J. L.; Wan, L.; Wester, T.; Bian, J.; Griskevich, N. J.; Kropp, W. R.; Locke, S.; Mine, S.; Smy, M. B.; Sobel, H. W.; Takhistov, V.; Weatherly, P.; Hill, J.; Kim, J. Y.; Lim, I. T.; Park, R. G.; Bodur, B.; Scholberg, K.; Walter, C. W.; Bernard, L.; Coffani, A.; Drapier, O.; Hedri, S. El; Giampaolo, A.; Gonin, M.; Mueller, Th. A.; Paganini, P.; Quilain, B.; Ishizuka, T.; Nakamura, T.; Jang, J. S.; Learned, J. G.; Anthony, L. H. V.; Martin, D. G. R.; Sztuc, A. A.; Uchida, Y.; Berardi, V.; Catanesi, M. G.; Radicioni, E.; Calabria, N. F.; Machado, L. N.; De Rosa, G.; Collazuol, G.; Iacob, F.; Lamoureux, M.; Ospina, N.; Ludovici, L.; Maekawa, Y.; Nishimura, Y.; Cao, S.; Friend, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Ishida, T.; Jakkapu, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Matsubara, T.; Nakadaira, T.; Nakamura, K.; Oyama, Y.; Sakashita, K.; Sekiguchi, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Kotsar, Y.; Nakano, Y.; Ozaki, H.; Shiozawa, T.; Suzuki, A. T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Yamamoto, S.; Ali, A.; Ashida, Y.; Feng, J.; Hirota, S.; Kikawa, T.; Mori, M.; Nakaya, T.; Wendell, R. A.; Yasutome, K.; Fernandez, P.; McCauley, N.; Mehta, P.; Pritchard, A.; Tsui, K. M.; Fukuda, Y.; Itow, Y.; Menjo, H.; Niwa, T.; Sato, K.; Tsukada, M.; Mijakowski, P.; Jiang, J.; Jung, C. K.; Vilela, C.; Wilking, M. J.; Yanagisawa, C.; Hagiwara, K.; Harada, M.; Horai, T.; Ishino, H.; Ito, S.; Koshio, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Ma, W.; Piplani, N.; Sakai, S.; Kuno, Y.; Barr, G.; Barrow, D.; Cook, L.; Goldsack, A.; Samani, S.; Simpson, C.; Wark, D.; Nova, F.; Boschi, T.; Di Lodovico, F.; Migenda, J.; Sedgwick, S. Molina; Taani, M.; Zsoldos, S.; Yang, J. Y.; Jenkins, S. J.; Malek, M.; McElwee, J. M.; Stone, O.; Thiesse, M. D.; Thompson, L. F.; Okazawa, H.; Kim, S. B.; Yu, I.; Nishijima, K.; Koshiba, M.; Nakajima, K. Iwamoto Y.; Ogawa, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Martens, K.; Vagins, M. R.; Izumiyama, S.; Kuze, M.; Tanaka, M.; Yoshida, T.; Inomoto, M.; Ishitsuka, M.; Ito, H.; Matsumoto, R.; Ohta, K.; Shinoki, M.; Martin, J. F.; Tanaka, H. A.; Towstego, T.; Akutsu, R.; Hartz, M.; Konaka, A.; de Perio, P.; Prouse, N. W.; Chen, S.; Xu, B. D.; Posiadala-Zezula, M.; Hadley, D.; Richards, B.; Jamieson, B.; Walker, J.; Minamino, A.; Pintaudi, G.; Sano, S.; Sasaki, R.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Nakamura, K. D.
Source
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 918, Number 2 (2021)
Subject
Language
Abstract
The Super-Kamiokande detector can be used to search for neutrinos in time coincidence with gravitational waves detected by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC). Both low-energy ($7-100$ MeV) and high-energy ($0.1-10^5$ GeV) samples were analyzed in order to cover a very wide neutrino spectrum. Follow-ups of 36 (out of 39) gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-2 catalog were examined; no significant excess above the background was observed, with 10 (24) observed neutrinos compared with 4.8 (25.0) expected events in the high-energy (low-energy) samples. A statistical approach was used to compute the significance of potential coincidences. For each observation, p-values were estimated using neutrino direction and LVC sky map ; the most significant event (GW190602_175927) is associated with a post-trial p-value of $7.8\%$ ($1.4\sigma$). Additionally, flux limits were computed independently for each sample and by combining the samples. The energy emitted as neutrinos by the identified gravitational wave sources was constrained, both for given flavors and for all-flavors assuming equipartition between the different flavors, independently for each trigger and by combining sources of the same nature.
Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. v2: adding corrections from The Astrophysical Journal review
Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. v2: adding corrections from The Astrophysical Journal review