학술논문
Probing entanglement across the energy spectrum of a hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Karamlou, Amir H.; Rosen, Ilan T.; Muschinske, Sarah E.; Barrett, Cora N.; Di Paolo, Agustin; Ding, Leon; Harrington, Patrick M.; Hays, Max; Das, Rabindra; Kim, David K.; Niedzielski, Bethany M.; Schuldt, Meghan; Serniak, Kyle; Schwartz, Mollie E.; Yoder, Jonilyn L.; Gustavsson, Simon; Yanay, Yariv; Grover, Jeffrey A.; Oliver, William D.
Source
Nature 629, 561-566 (2024)
Subject
Language
Abstract
Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding a multitude of physical properties of quantum systems. Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behavior. However, a universal understanding remains challenging due to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems. Here, we use a controllable $4 \times 4$ array of superconducting qubits to emulate a two-dimensional hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice. We generate superposition states by simultaneously driving all lattice sites and extract correlation lengths and entanglement entropy across its many-body energy spectrum. We observe volume-law entanglement scaling for states at the center of the spectrum and a crossover to the onset of area-law scaling near its edges.