학술논문
High Tide or Riptide on the Cosmic Shoreline? A Water-Rich Atmosphere or Stellar Contamination for the Warm Super-Earth GJ~486b from JWST Observations
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Moran, Sarah E.; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Sing, David K.; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Kirk, James; Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob; Peacock, Sarah; Mayorga, L. C.; Bennett, Katherine A.; López-Morales, Mercedes; May, E. M.; Rustamkulov, Zafar; Valenti, Jeff A.; Redai, Jéa I. Adams; Alam, Munazza K.; Batalha, Natasha E.; Fu, Guangwei; Gonzalez-Quiles, Junellie; Highland, Alicia N.; Kruse, Ethan; Lothringer, Joshua D.; Ceballos, Kevin N. Ortiz; Sotzen, Kristin S.; Wakeford, Hannah R.
Source
Subject
Language
Abstract
Planets orbiting M-dwarf stars are prime targets in the search for rocky exoplanet atmospheres. The small size of M dwarfs renders their planets exceptional targets for transmission spectroscopy, facilitating atmospheric characterization. However, it remains unknown whether their host stars' highly variable extreme-UV radiation environments allow atmospheres to persist. With JWST, we have begun to determine whether or not the most favorable rocky worlds orbiting M dwarfs have detectable atmospheres. Here, we present a 2.8-5.2 micron JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum of the warm (700 K, 40.3x Earth's insolation) super-Earth GJ 486b (1.3 R$_{\oplus}$ and 3.0 M$_{\oplus}$). The measured spectrum from our two transits of GJ 486b deviates from a flat line at 2.2 - 3.3 $\sigma$, based on three independent reductions. Through a combination of forward and retrieval models, we determine that GJ 486b either has a water-rich atmosphere (with the most stringent constraint on the retrieved water abundance of H2O > 10% to 2$\sigma$) or the transmission spectrum is contaminated by water present in cool unocculted starspots. We also find that the measured stellar spectrum is best fit by a stellar model with cool starspots and hot faculae. While both retrieval scenarios provide equal quality fits ($\chi^2_\nu$ = 1.0) to our NIRSpec/G395H observations, shorter wavelength observations can break this degeneracy and reveal if GJ 486b sustains a water-rich atmosphere.
Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Accepted in ApJ Letters. Co-First Authors
Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Accepted in ApJ Letters. Co-First Authors