학술논문
EDEN Survey: Small Transiting Planet Detection Limits and Constraints on the Occurrence Rates for Late M Dwarfs within 15 pc
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Dietrich, Jeremy; Apai, Dániel; Schlecker, Martin; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Kurtovic, Nicolas; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Gabor, Paul; Henning, Thomas; Chen, Wen-Ping; Mancini, Luigi; Bixel, Alex; Gibbs, Aidan; Boyle, Richard P.; Brown-Sevilla, Samantha; Burn, Remo; Delage, Timmy N.; Flores-Rivera, Lizxandra; Franceschi, Riccardo; Pichierri, Gabriele; Savvidou, Sofia; Syed, Jonas; Bruni, Ivan; Ip, Wing-Huen; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Tsai, An-Li; Lin, Chia-Lung; Hou, Wei-Jie; Hsiao, Hsiang-Yao; Lin, Chi-Sheng; Lin, Hung-Chin; Basant, Ritvik
Source
Subject
Language
Abstract
Earth-sized exoplanets that transit nearby, late spectral type red dwarfs will be prime targets for atmospheric characterization in the coming decade. Such systems, however, are difficult to find via wide-field transit surveys like Kepler or TESS. Consequently, the presence of such transiting planets is unexplored and the occurrence rates of short-period Earth-sized planets around late M dwarfs remain poorly constrained. Here, we present the deepest photometric monitoring campaign of 22 nearby late M dwarf stars, using data from over 500 nights on seven 1-2 meter class telescopes. Our survey includes all known single quiescent northern late M dwarfs within 15 pc. We use transit-injection-and-recovery tests to quantify the completeness of our survey, successfully identify most ($>80\%$) transiting short-period (0.5-1 d) super-Earths ($R > 1.9 R_\oplus$), and are sensitive ($\sim50\%$) to transiting Earth-sized planets ($1.0-1.2 R_\oplus$). Our high sensitivity to transits with a near-zero false positive rate demonstrates an efficient survey strategy. Our survey does not yield a transiting planet detection, yet it provides the most sensitive upper limits on transiting planets orbiting our target stars. Finally, we explore multiple hypotheses about the occurrence rates of short-period planets (from Earth-sized planets to giant planets) around late M dwarfs. We show, for example, that giant planets at short periods ($<1$ day) are uncommon around our target stars. Our dataset provides some insight into occurrence rates of short-period planets around TRAPPIST-1-like stars, and our results can help test planetary formation and system evolution models, as well as guide future observations of nearby late M dwarfs.
Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures
Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures