학술논문
Radioactivity control strategy for the JUNO detector
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
JUNO collaboration; Abusleme, Angel; Adam, Thomas; Ahmad, Shakeel; Ahmed, Rizwan; Aiello, Sebastiano; Akram, Muhammad; An, Fengpeng; An, Qi; Andronico, Giuseppe; Anfimov, Nikolay; Antonelli, Vito; Antoshkina, Tatiana; Asavapibhop, Burin; de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes; Auguste, Didier; Babic, Andrej; Baldini, Wander; Barresi, Andrea; Basilico, Davide; Baussan, Eric; Bellato, Marco; Bergnoli, Antonio; Birkenfeld, Thilo; Blin, Sylvie; Blum, David; Blyth, Simon; Bolshakova, Anastasia; Bongrand, Mathieu; Bordereau, Clément; Breton, Dominique; Brigatti, Augusto; Brugnera, Riccardo; Bruno, Riccardo; Budano, Antonio; Buscemi, Mario; Busto, Jose; Butorov, Ilya; Cabrera, Anatael; Cai, Hao; Cai, Xiao; Cai, Yanke; Cai, Zhiyan; Cammi, Antonio; Campeny, Agustin; Cao, Chuanya; Cao, Guofu; Cao, Jun; Caruso, Rossella; Cerna, Cédric; Chang, Jinfan; Chang, Yun; Chen, Pingping; Chen, Po-An; Chen, Shaomin; Chen, Xurong; Chen, Yi-Wen; Chen, Yixue; Chen, Yu; Chen, Zhang; Cheng, Jie; Cheng, Yaping; Chetverikov, Alexey; Chiesa, Davide; Chimenti, Pietro; Chukanov, Artem; Claverie, Gérard; Clementi, Catia; Clerbaux, Barbara; Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti; Corti, Daniele; Cremonesi, Oliviero; Corso, Flavio Dal; Dalager, Olivia; De La Taille, Christophe; Deng, Jiawei; Deng, Zhi; Deng, Ziyan; Depnering, Wilfried; Diaz, Marco; Ding, Xuefeng; Ding, Yayun; Dirgantara, Bayu; Dmitrievsky, Sergey; Dohnal, Tadeas; Dolzhikov, Dmitry; Donchenko, Georgy; Dong, Jianmeng; Doroshkevich, Evgeny; Dracos, Marcos; Druillole, Frédéric; Du, Shuxian; Dusini, Stefano; Dvorak, Martin; Enqvist, Timo; Enzmann, Heike; Fabbri, Andrea; Fajt, Lukas; Fan, Donghua; Fan, Lei; Fang, Jian; Fang, Wenxing; Fargetta, Marco; Fedoseev, Dmitry; Fekete, Vladko; Feng, Li-Cheng; Feng, Qichun; Ford, Richard; Formozov, Andrey; Fournier, Amélie; Gan, Haonan; Gao, Feng; Garfagnini, Alberto; Giammarchi, Marco; Giaz, Agnese; Giudice, Nunzio; Gonchar, Maxim; Gong, Guanghua; Gong, Hui; Gornushkin, Yuri; Göttel, Alexandre; Grassi, Marco; Grewing, Christian; Gromov, Vasily; Gu, Minghao; Gu, Xiaofei; Gu, Yu; Guan, Mengyun; Guardone, Nunzio; Gul, Maria; Guo, Cong; Guo, Jingyuan; Guo, Wanlei; Guo, Xinheng; Guo, Yuhang; Hackspacher, Paul; Hagner, Caren; Han, Ran; Han, Yang; Hassan, Muhammad Sohaib; He, Miao; He, Wei; Heinz, Tobias; Hellmuth, Patrick; Heng, Yuekun; Herrera, Rafael; Hor, YuenKeung; Hou, Shaojing; Hsiung, Yee; Hu, Bei-Zhen; Hu, Hang; Hu, Jianrun; Hu, Jun; Hu, Shouyang; Hu, Tao; Hu, Zhuojun; Huang, Chunhao; Huang, Guihong; Huang, Hanxiong; Huang, Wenhao; Huang, Xin; Huang, Xingtao; Huang, Yongbo; Hui, Jiaqi; Huo, Lei; Huo, Wenju; Huss, Cédric; Hussain, Safeer; Ioannisian, Ara; Isocrate, Roberto; Jelmini, Beatrice; Jen, Kuo-Lun; Jeria, Ignacio; Ji, Xiaolu; Ji, Xingzhao; Jia, Huihui; Jia, Junji; Jian, Siyu; Jiang, Di; Jiang, Xiaoshan; Jin, Ruyi; Jing, Xiaoping; Jollet, Cécile; Joutsenvaara, Jari; Jungthawan, Sirichok; Kalousis, Leonidas; Kampmann, Philipp; Kang, Li; Karaparambil, Rebin; Kazarian, Narine; Khan, Waseem; Khosonthongkee, Khanchai; Korablev, Denis; Kouzakov, Konstantin; Krasnoperov, Alexey; Kruth, Andre; Kutovskiy, Nikolay; Kuusiniemi, Pasi; Lachenmaier, Tobias; Landini, Cecilia; Leblanc, Sébastien; Lebrin, Victor; Lefevre, Frederic; Lei, Ruiting; Leitner, Rupert; Leung, Jason; Li, Demin; Li, Fei; Li, Fule; Li, Haitao; Li, Huiling; Li, Jiaqi; Li, Mengzhao; Li, Min; Li, Nan; Li, Qingjiang; Li, Ruhui; Li, Shanfeng; Li, Tao; Li, Weidong; Li, Weiguo; Li, Xiaomei; Li, Xiaonan; Li, Xinglong; Li, Yi; Li, Yufeng; Li, Zhaohan; Li, Zhibing; Li, Ziyuan; Liang, Hao; Liao, Jiajun; Liebau, Daniel; Limphirat, Ayut; Limpijumnong, Sukit; Lin, Guey-Lin; Lin, Shengxin; Lin, Tao; Ling, Jiajie; Lippi, Ivano; Liu, Fang; Liu, Haidong; Liu, Hongbang; Liu, Hongjuan; Liu, Hongtao; Liu, Hui; Liu, Jianglai; Liu, Jinchang; Liu, Min; Liu, Qian; Liu, Qin; Liu, Runxuan; Liu, Shuangyu; Liu, Shubin; Liu, Shulin; Liu, Xiaowei; Liu, Xiwen; Liu, Yan; Liu, Yunzhe; Lokhov, Alexey; Lombardi, Paolo; Lombardo, Claudio; Loo, Kai; Lu, Chuan; Lu, Haoqi; Lu, Jingbin; Lu, Junguang; Lu, Shuxiang; Lu, Xiaoxu; Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto; Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim; Ludhova, Livia; Luo, Fengjiao; Luo, Guang; Luo, Pengwei; Luo, Shu; Luo, Wuming; Lyashuk, Vladimir; Ma, Bangzheng; Ma, Qiumei; Ma, Si; Ma, Xiaoyan; Ma, Xubo; Maalmi, Jihane; Malyshkin, Yury; Mantovani, Fabio; Manzali, Francesco; Mao, Xin; Mao, Yajun; Mari, Stefano M.; Marini, Filippo; Marium, Sadia; Martellini, Cristina; Martin-Chassard, Gisele; Martini, Agnese; Mayer, Matthias; Mayilyan, Davit; Mednieks, Ints; Meng, Yue; Meregaglia, Anselmo; Meroni, Emanuela; Meyhöfer, David; Mezzetto, Mauro; Miller, Jonathan; Miramonti, Lino; Montini, Paolo; Montuschi, Michele; Müller, Axel; Nastasi, Massimiliano; Naumov, Dmitry V.; Naumova, Elena; Navas-Nicolas, Diana; Nemchenok, Igor; Thi, Minh Thuan Nguyen; Ning, Feipeng; Ning, Zhe; Nunokawa, Hiroshi; Oberauer, Lothar; Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro; Olshevskiy, Alexander; Orestano, Domizia; Ortica, Fausto; Othegraven, Rainer; Pan, Hsiao-Ru; Paoloni, Alessandro; Parmeggiano, Sergio; Pei, Yatian; Pelliccia, Nicomede; Peng, Anguo; Peng, Haiping; Perrot, Frédéric; Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre; Petrucci, Fabrizio; Pilarczyk, Oliver; Rico, Luis Felipe Piñeres; Popov, Artyom; Poussot, Pascal; Pratumwan, Wathan; Previtali, Ezio; Qi, Fazhi; Qi, Ming; Qian, Sen; Qian, Xiaohui; Qian, Zhen; Qiao, Hao; Qin, Zhonghua; Qiu, Shoukang; Rajput, Muhammad Usman; Ranucci, Gioacchino; Raper, Neill; Re, Alessandra; Rebber, Henning; Rebii, Abdel; Ren, Bin; Ren, Jie; Ricci, Barbara; Robens, Markus; Roche, Mathieu; Rodphai, Narongkiat; Romani, Aldo; Roskovec, Bedřich; Roth, Christian; Ruan, Xiangdong; Ruan, Xichao; Rujirawat, Saroj; Rybnikov, Arseniy; Sadovsky, Andrey; Saggese, Paolo; Sanfilippo, Simone; Sangka, Anut; Sanguansak, Nuanwan; Sawangwit, Utane; Sawatzki, Julia; Sawy, Fatma; Schever, Michaela; Schwab, Cédric; Schweizer, Konstantin; Selyunin, Alexandr; Serafini, Andrea; Settanta, Giulio; Settimo, Mariangela; Shao, Zhuang; Sharov, Vladislav; Shaydurova, Arina; Shi, Jingyan; Shi, Yanan; Shutov, Vitaly; Sidorenkov, Andrey; Šimkovic, Fedor; Sirignano, Chiara; Siripak, Jaruchit; Sisti, Monica; Slupecki, Maciej; Smirnov, Mikhail; Smirnov, Oleg; Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago; Sokolov, Sergey; Songwadhana, Julanan; Soonthornthum, Boonrucksar; Sotnikov, Albert; Šrámek, Ondřej; Sreethawong, Warintorn; Stahl, Achim; Stanco, Luca; Stankevich, Konstantin; Štefánik, Dušan; Steiger, Hans; Steinmann, Jochen; Sterr, Tobias; Stock, Matthias Raphael; Strati, Virginia; Studenikin, Alexander; Sun, Shifeng; Sun, Xilei; Sun, Yongjie; Sun, Yongzhao; Suwonjandee, Narumon; Szelezniak, Michal; Tang, Jian; Tang, Qiang; Tang, Quan; Tang, Xiao; Tietzsch, Alexander; Tkachev, Igor; Tmej, Tomas; Treskov, Konstantin; Triossi, Andrea; Troni, Giancarlo; Trzaska, Wladyslaw; Tuve, Cristina; Ushakov, Nikita; Boom, Johannes van den; van Waasen, Stefan; Vanroyen, Guillaume; Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos; Vedin, Vadim; Verde, Giuseppe; Vialkov, Maxim; Viaud, Benoit; Vollbrecht, Moritz; Volpe, Cristina; Vorobel, Vit; Voronin, Dmitriy; Votano, Lucia; Walker, Pablo; Wang, Caishen; Wang, Chung-Hsiang; Wang, En; Wang, Guoli; Wang, Jian; Wang, Jun; Wang, Kunyu; Wang, Lu; Wang, Meifen; Wang, Meng; Wang, Ruiguang; Wang, Siguang; Wang, Wei; Wang, Wenshuai; Wang, Xi; Wang, Xiangyue; Wang, Yangfu; Wang, Yaoguang; Wang, Yi; Wang, Yifang; Wang, Yuanqing; Wang, Yuman; Wang, Zhe; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Zhimin; Wang, Zongyi; Waqas, Muhammad; Watcharangkool, Apimook; Wei, Lianghong; Wei, Wei; Wei, Wenlu; Wei, Yadong; Wen, Liangjian; Wiebusch, Christopher; Wong, Steven Chan-Fai; Wonsak, Bjoern; Wu, Diru; Wu, Fangliang; Wu, Qun; Wu, Zhi; Wurm, Michael; Wurtz, Jacques; Wysotzki, Christian; Xi, Yufei; Xia, Dongmei; Xie, Xiaochuan; Xie, Yuguang; Xie, Zhangquan; Xing, Zhizhong; Xu, Benda; Xu, Cheng; Xu, Donglian; Xu, Fanrong; Xu, Hangkun; Xu, Jilei; Xu, Jing; Xu, Meihang; Xu, Yin; Xu, Yu; Yan, Baojun; Yan, Taylor; Yan, Wenqi; Yan, Xiongbo; Yan, Yupeng; Yang, Anbo; Yang, Changgen; Yang, Chengfeng; Yang, Huan; Yang, Jie; Yang, Lei; Yang, Xiaoyu; Yang, Yifan; Yao, Haifeng; Yasin, Zafar; Ye, Jiaxuan; Ye, Mei; Ye, Ziping; Yegin, Ugur; Yermia, Frédéric; Yi, Peihuai; Yin, Na; Yin, Xiangwei; You, Zhengyun; Yu, Boxiang; Yu, Chiye; Yu, Chunxu; Yu, Hongzhao; Yu, Miao; Yu, Xianghui; Yu, Zeyuan; Yu, Zezhong; Yuan, Chengzhuo; Yuan, Ying; Yuan, Zhenxiong; Yuan, Ziyi; Yue, Baobiao; Zafar, Noman; Zambanini, Andre; Zavadskyi, Vitalii; Zeng, Shan; Zeng, Tingxuan; Zeng, Yuda; Zhan, Liang; Zhang, Aiqiang; Zhang, Feiyang; Zhang, Guoqing; Zhang, Haiqiong; Zhang, Honghao; Zhang, Jiawen; Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Jin; Zhang, Jingbo; Zhang, Jinnan; Zhang, Peng; Zhang, Qingmin; Zhang, Shiqi; Zhang, Shu; Zhang, Tao; Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhang, Xuantong; Zhang, Xueyao; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Yinhong; Zhang, Yiyu; Zhang, Yongpeng; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Yumei; Zhang, Zhenyu; Zhang, Zhijian; Zhao, Fengyi; Zhao, Jie; Zhao, Rong; Zhao, Shujun; Zhao, Tianchi; Zheng, Dongqin; Zheng, Hua; Zheng, Minshan; Zheng, Yangheng; Zhong, Weirong; Zhou, Jing; Zhou, Li; Zhou, Nan; Zhou, Shun; Zhou, Tong; Zhou, Xiang; Zhu, Jiang; Zhu, Kangfu; Zhu, Kejun; Zhu, Zhihang; Zhuang, Bo; Zhuang, Honglin; Zong, Liang; Zou, Jiaheng
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Abstract
JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day, therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particular, natural radioactivity present in all materials and in the environment represents a serious issue that could impair the sensitivity of the experiment if appropriate countermeasures were not foreseen. In this paper we discuss the background reduction strategies undertaken by the JUNO collaboration to reduce at minimum the impact of natural radioactivity. We describe our efforts for an optimized experimental design, a careful material screening and accurate detector production handling, and a constant control of the expected results through a meticulous Monte Carlo simulation program. We show that all these actions should allow us to keep the background count rate safely below the target value of 10 Hz in the default fiducial volume, above an energy threshold of 0.7 MeV.
Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures
Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures