학술논문
Layout and Performance of HPK Prototype LGAD Sensors for the High-Granularity Timing Detector
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Yang, X.; Alderweireldt, S.; Atanov, N.; Ayoub, M. K.; da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes; Garcia, L. Castillo; Chen, H.; Christie, S.; Cindro, V.; Cui, H.; D'Amen, G.; Davydov, Y.; Fan, Y. Y.; Galloway, Z.; Ge, J. J.; Gee, C.; Giacomini, G.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Grieco, C.; Grinstein, S.; Grosse-Knetter, J.; Guindon, S.; Han, S.; Howard, A.; Huang, Y. P.; Jin, Y.; Jing, M. Q.; Kiuchi, R.; Kramberger, G.; Kuwertz, E.; Labitan, C.; Lange, J.; Leite, M.; Li, C. H.; Li, Q. Y.; Liu, B.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, Y. W.; Liang, H.; Liang, Z. J.; Lockerby, M.; Lyu, F.; Mandić, I.; Martinez-Mckinney, F.; Mazza, S. M.; Mikuž, M.; Padilla, R.; Qi, B. H.; Quadt, A.; Ran, K. L.; Ren, H.; Rizzi, C.; Rossi, E.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Saito, G. T.; Schumm, B.; Schwickardi, M.; Seiden, A.; Shan, L. Y.; Shi, L. S.; Shi, X.; Ferreira, A. Soares Canas; Sun, Y. J.; Tan, Y. H.; Tricoli, A.; Wan, G. Y.; Wilder, M.; Wu, K. W.; Wyatt, W.; Xiao, S. Y.; Yang, T.; Yang, Y. Z.; Yu, C. J.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, M.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zheng, X. X.; Zhuang, X. A.
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Abstract
The High-Granularity Timing Detector is a detector proposed for the ATLAS Phase II upgrade. The detector, based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology will cover the pseudo-rapidity region of $2.4<|\eta|<4.0$ with two end caps on each side and a total area of 6.4 $m^2$. The timing performance can be improved by implanting an internal gain layer that can produce signal with a fast rising edge, which improve significantly the signal-to-noise ratio. The required average timing resolution per track for a minimum-ionising particle is 30 ps at the start and 50 ps at the end of the HL-LHC operation. This is achieved with several layers of LGAD. The innermost region of the detector would accumulate a 1 MeV-neutron equivalent fluence up to $2.5 \times 10^{15} cm^{-2}$ before being replaced during the scheduled shutdowns. The addition of this new detector is expected to play an important role in the mitigation of high pile-up at the HL-LHC. The layout and performance of the various versions of LGAD prototypes produced by Hamamatsu (HPK) have been studied by the ATLAS Collaboration. The breakdown voltages, depletion voltages, inter-pad gaps, collected charge as well as the time resolution have been measured and the production yield of large size sensors has been evaluated.
Comment: 17 pages, 20 figures
Comment: 17 pages, 20 figures