학술논문

Beam-energy and centrality dependence of direct-photon emission from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Adare, A.Afanasiev, S.Aidala, C.Ajitanand, N. N.Akiba, Y.Akimoto, R.Al-Bataineh, H.Alexander, J.Alfred, M.Al-Jamel, A.Al-Ta'ani, H.Angerami, A.Aoki, K.Apadula, N.Aphecetche, L.Aramaki, Y.Armendariz, R.Aronson, S. H.Asai, J.Asano, H.Aschenauer, E. C.Atomssa, E. T.Averbeck, R.Awes, T. C.Azmoun, B.Babintsev, V.Bagoly, A.Bai, M.Baksay, G.Baksay, L.Baldisseri, A.Bannier, B.Barish, K. N.Barnes, P. D.Bassalleck, B.Basye, A. T.Bathe, S.Batsouli, S.Baublis, V.Bauer, F.Baumann, C.Baumgart, S.Bazilevsky, A.Belikov, S.Belmont, R.Bennett, R.Berdnikov, A.Berdnikov, Y.Bhom, J. H.Bickley, A. A.Bjorndal, M. T.Blau, D. S.Boer, M.Boissevain, J. G.Bok, J. S.Borel, H.Boyle, K.Brooks, M. L.Brown, D. S.Bryslawskyj, J.Bucher, D.Buesching, H.Bumazhnov, V.Bunce, G.Burward-Hoy, J. M.Butsyk, S.Camacho, C. M.Campbell, S.Roman, V. CanoaCaringi, A.Castera, P.Chai, J. -S.Chang, B. S.Chang, W. C.Charvet, J. -L.Chen, C. -H.Chernichenko, S.Chi, C. Y.Chiba, J.Chiu, M.Choi, I. J.Choi, J. B.Choi, S.Choudhury, R. K.Christiansen, P.Chujo, T.Chung, P.Churyn, A.Chvala, O.Cianciolo, V.Citron, Z.Cleven, C. R.Cobigo, Y.Cole, B. A.Comets, M. P.del Valle, Z. ConesaConnors, M.Constantin, P.Csanád, M.Csörgö, T.Dahms, T.Dairaku, S.Danchev, I.Danley, T. W.Das, K.Datta, A.Daugherity, M. S.David, G.Dayananda, M. K.Deaton, M. B.Dehmelt, K.Delagrange, H.Denisov, A.d'Enterria, D.Deshpande, A.Desmond, E. J.Dharmawardane, K. V.Dietzsch, O.Ding, L.Dion, A.Do, J. H.Donadelli, M.D'Orazio, L.Drachenberg, J. L.Drapier, O.Drees, A.Drees, K. A.Dubey, A. K.Durham, J. M.Durum, A.Dutta, D.Dzhordzhadze, V.Edwards, S.Efremenko, Y. V.Egdemir, J.Ellinghaus, F.Emam, W. S.Engelmore, T.Enokizono, A.En'yo, H.Espagnon, B.Esumi, S.Eyser, K. O.Fadem, B.Fan, W.Feege, N.Fields, D. E.Finger, M.Finger, Jr., M.Fleuret, F.Fokin, S. L.Forestier, B.Fraenkel, Z.Frantz, J. E.Franz, A.Frawley, A. D.Fujiwara, K.Fukao, Y.Fung, S. -Y.Fusayasu, T.Gadrat, S.Gainey, K.Gal, C.Gallus, P.Garg, P.Garishvili, A.Garishvili, I.Gastineau, F.Ge, H.Germain, M.Glenn, A.Gong, H.Gong, X.Gonin, M.Gosset, J.Goto, Y.de Cassagnac, R. GranierGrau, N.Greene, S. V.Grim, G.Perdekamp, M. GrosseGunji, T.Guo, L.Gustafsson, H. Å.Hachiya, T.Henni, A. HadjHaegemann, C.Haggerty, J. S.Hagiwara, M. N.Hahn, K. I.Hamagaki, H.Hamblen, J.Han, R.Hanks, J.Harada, H.Hartouni, E. P.Haruna, K.Harvey, M.Hasegawa, S.Haseler, T. O. S.Hashimoto, K.Haslum, E.Hasuko, K.Hayano, R.He, X.Heffner, M.Hemmick, T. K.Hester, T.Heuser, J. M.Hiejima, H.Hill, J. C.Hill, K.Hobbs, R.Hodges, A.Hohlmann, M.Hollis, R. S.Holmes, M.Holzmann, W.Homma, K.Hong, B.Horaguchi, T.Hori, Y.Hornback, D.Hotvedt, N.Huang, J.Huang, S.Hur, M. G.Ichihara, T.Ichimiya, R.Iinuma, H.Ikeda, Y.Imai, K.Imrek, J.Inaba, M.Inoue, Y.Iordanova, A.Isenhower, D.Isenhower, L.Ishihara, M.Isobe, T.Issah, M.Isupov, A.Ivanishchev, D.Iwanaga, Y.Jacak, B. V.Javani, M.Ji, Z.Jia, J.Jiang, X.Jin, J.Jinnouchi, O.Johnson, B. M.Jones, T.Joo, K. S.Jouan, D.Jumper, D. S.Kajihara, F.Kametani, S.Kamihara, N.Kamin, J.Kaneta, M.Kaneti, S.Kang, B. H.Kang, J. H.Kang, J. S.Kanou, H.Kapustinsky, J.Karatsu, K.Kasai, M.Kawagishi, T.Kawall, D.Kawashima, M.Kazantsev, A. V.Kelly, S.Kempel, T.Khachatryan, V.Khanzadeev, A.Kijima, K. M.Kikuchi, J.Kim, A.Kim, B. I.Kim, C.Kim, D. H.Kim, D. J.Kim, E.Kim, E. -J.Kim, H. J.Kim, K. -B.Kim, M.Kim, S. H.Kim, Y. -J.Kim, Y. K.Kim, Y. -S.Kincses, D.Kinney, E.Kiriluk, K.Kiss, Á.Kistenev, E.Kiyomichi, A.Klatsky, J.Klay, J.Klein-Boesing, C.Kleinjan, D.Kline, P.Kochenda, L.Kochetkov, V.Komatsu, Y.Komkov, B.Konno, M.Koster, J.Kotchetkov, D.Kotov, D.Kozlov, A.Král, A.Kravitz, A.Krizek, F.Kroon, P. J.Kubart, J.Kunde, G. J.Kurgyis, B.Kurihara, N.Kurita, K.Kurosawa, M.Kweon, M. J.Kwon, Y.Kyle, G. S.Lacey, R.Lai, Y. S.Lajoie, J. G.Layton, D.Lebedev, A.Bornec, Y. LeLeckey, S.Lee, B.Lee, D. M.Lee, J.Lee, K. B.Lee, K. S.Lee, M. K.Lee, S. H.Lee, S. R.Lee, T.Leitch, M. J.Leite, M. A. L.Leitgab, M.Lenzi, B.Leung, Y. H.Lewis, B.Lewis, N. A.Li, X.Li, X. H.Lichtenwalner, P.Liebing, P.Lim, H.Lim, S. H.Levy, L. A. LindenLiška, T.Litvinenko, A.Liu, H.Liu, M. X.Lökös, S.Love, B.Lynch, D.Maguire, C. F.Majoros, T.Makdisi, Y. I.Makek, M.Malakhov, A.Malik, M. D.Manion, A.Manko, V. I.Mannel, E.Mao, Y.Mašek, L.Masui, H.Masumoto, S.Matathias, F.McCain, M. C.McCumber, M.McGaughey, P. L.McGlinchey, D.McKinney, C.Means, N.Mendoza, M.Meredith, B.Miake, Y.Mibe, T.Mignerey, A. C.Mihalik, D. E.Mikeš, P.Miki, K.Miller, T. E.Milov, A.Mioduszewski, S.Mishra, D. K.Mishra, G. C.Mishra, M.Mitchell, J. T.Mitrovski, M.Mitsuka, G.Miyachi, Y.Miyasaka, S.Mohanty, A. K.Mohapatra, S.Moon, H. J.Moon, T.Morino, Y.Morreale, A.Morrison, D. P.Morrow, S. I.Moss, J. M.Motschwiller, S.Moukhanova, T. V.Mukhopadhyay, D.Murakami, T.Murata, J.Mwai, A.Nagae, T.Nagamiya, S.Nagashima, K.Nagata, Y.Nagle, J. L.Naglis, M.Nagy, M. I.Nakagawa, I.Nakamiya, Y.Nakamura, K. R.Nakamura, T.Nakano, K.Nam, S.Nattrass, C.Nederlof, A.Newby, J.Nguyen, M.Nihashi, M.Niida, T.Norman, B. E.Nouicer, R.Novák, T.Novitzky, N.Nyanin, A. S.Nystrand, J.Oakley, C.O'Brien, E.Oda, S. X.Ogilvie, C. A.Ohnishi, H.Ojha, I. D.Oka, M.Okada, K.Omiwade, O. O.Onuki, Y.Koop, J. D. OrjuelaOsborn, J. D.Oskarsson, A.Otterlund, I.Ouchida, M.Ozawa, K.Pak, R.Pal, D.Palounek, A. P. T.Pantuev, V.Papavassiliou, V.Park, B. H.Park, I. H.Park, J.Park, S.Park, S. K.Park, W. J.Pate, S. F.Patel, L.Patel, M.Pei, H.Peng, J. -C.Peng, W.Pereira, H.Perepelitsa, D. V.Peresedov, V.Peressounko, D. Yu.PerezLara, C. E.Petti, R.Pinkenburg, C.Pisani, R. P.Proissl, M.Purschke, M. L.Purwar, A. K.Qu, H.Radzevich, P. V.Rak, J.Rakotozafindrabe, A.Ravinovich, I.Read, K. F.Rembeczki, S.Reuter, M.Reygers, K.Reynolds, D.Riabov, V.Riabov, Y.Richardson, E.Richford, D.Rinn, T.Roach, D.Roche, G.Rolnick, S. D.Romana, A.Rosati, M.Rosen, C. A.Rosendahl, S. S. E.Rosnet, P.Rowan, Z.Rukoyatkin, P.Runchey, J.Ružička, P.Rykov, V. L.Ryu, S. S.Sahlmueller, B.Saito, N.Sakaguchi, T.Sakai, S.Sakashita, K.Sakata, H.Sako, H.Samsonov, V.Sano, M.Sano, S.Sarsour, M.Sato, H. D.Sato, S.Sato, T.Sawada, S.Schmoll, B. K.Sedgwick, K.Seele, J.Seidl, R.Semenov, A. Yu.Semenov, V.Sen, A.Seto, R.Sharma, D.Shea, T. K.Shein, I.Shevel, A.Shibata, T. -A.Shigaki, K.Shimomura, M.Shohjoh, T.Shoji, K.Shukla, P.Sickles, A.Silva, C. L.Silvermyr, D.Silvestre, C.Sim, K. S.Singh, B. K.Singh, C. P.Singh, V.Skoby, M. J.Skutnik, S.Slunečka, M.Smith, W. C.Soldatov, A.Soltz, R. A.Sondheim, W. E.Sorensen, S. P.Sourikova, I. V.Staley, F.Stankus, P. W.Stenlund, E.Stepanov, M.Ster, A.Stoll, S. P.Sugitate, T.Suire, C.Sukhanov, A.Sullivan, J. P.Sun, J.Sun, Z.Sziklai, J.Tabaru, T.Takagi, S.Takagui, E. M.Takahara, A.Taketani, A.Tanabe, R.Tanaka, K. H.Tanaka, Y.Taneja, S.Tanida, K.Tannenbaum, M. J.Tarafdar, S.Taranenko, A.Tarján, P.Tennant, E.Themann, H.Thomas, D.Thomas, T. L.Tieulent, R.Todoroki, T.Togawa, M.Toia, A.Tojo, J.Tomášek, L.Tomášek, M.Tomita, Y.Torii, H.Towell, R. S.Tram, V-N.Tserruya, I.Tsuchimoto, Y.Tsuji, T.Tuli, S. K.Tydesjö, H.Tyurin, N.Ueda, Y.Ujvari, B.Vale, C.Valle, H.van Hecke, H. W.Vargyas, M.Vazquez-Zambrano, E.Veicht, A.Velkovska, J.Vértesi, R.Vinogradov, A. A.Virius, M.Vossen, A.Vrba, V.Vznuzdaev, E.Wagner, M.Walker, D.Wang, X. R.Watanabe, D.Watanabe, K.Watanabe, Y.Watanabe, Y. S.Wei, F.Wei, R.Wessels, J.White, S. N.Willis, N.Winter, D.Wolin, S.Wong, C. P.Woody, C. L.Wright, R. M.Wysocki, M.Xia, B.Xie, W.Xu, C.Xu, Q.Yamaguchi, Y. L.Yamaura, K.Yang, R.Yanovich, A.Yasin, Z.Ying, J.Yokkaichi, S.Yoo, J. H.You, Z.Young, G. R.Younus, I.Yu, H.Yushmanov, I. E.Zajc, W. A.Zaudtke, O.Zelenski, A.Zhang, C.Zharko, S.Zhou, S.Zimamyi, J.Zolin, L.Zou, L.
Source
Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 022301 (2019)
Subject
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Nuclear Experiment
Language
Abstract
The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum ($0.4$1\,GeV/$c$) direct-photon yield $dN_{\gamma}^{\rm dir}/d\eta$ is a smooth function of $dN_{\rm ch}/d\eta$ and can be well described as proportional to $(dN_{\rm ch}/d\eta)^\alpha$ with $\alpha{\approx}1.25$. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different, $A$$+$$A$ collision systems. At a given beam energy the scaling also holds for high $p_T$ ($>5$\,GeV/$c$) but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.
Comment: 673 authors from 82 institutions, 10 pages, 4 figures. v2 is version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html