학술논문
Cosmogenic production of $^{37}$Ar in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Aalbers, J.; Akerib, D. S.; Musalhi, A. K. Al; Alder, F.; Alsum, S. K.; Amarasinghe, C. S.; Ames, A.; Anderson, T. J.; Angelides, N.; Araújo, H. M.; Armstrong, J. E.; Arthurs, M.; Bai, X.; Baker, A.; Balajthy, J.; Balashov, S.; Bang, J.; Bargemann, J. W.; Bauer, D.; Baxter, A.; Beattie, K.; Bernard, E. P.; Bhatti, A.; Biekert, A.; Biesiadzinski, T. P.; Birch, H. J.; Blockinger, G. M.; Bodnia, E.; Boxer, B.; Brew, C. A. J.; Brás, P.; Burdin, S.; Busenitz, J. K.; Buuck, M.; Cabrita, R.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; Cascella, M.; Chan, C.; Chawla, A.; Chen, H.; Chott, N. I.; Cole, A.; Converse, M. V.; Cottle, A.; Cox, G.; Creaner, O.; Cutter, J. E.; Dahl, C. E.; David, A.; de Viveiros, L.; Dobson, J. E. Y.; Druszkiewicz, E.; Eriksen, S. R.; Fan, A.; Fayer, S.; Fearon, N. M.; Fiorucci, S.; Flaecher, H.; Fraser, E. D.; Fruth, T.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Genovesi, J.; Ghag, C.; Gibson, E.; Gilchriese, M. G. D.; Gokhale, S.; van der Grinten, M. G. D.; Gwilliam, C. B.; Hall, C. R.; Haselschwardt, S. J.; Hertel, S. A.; Horn, M.; Huang, D. Q.; Hunt, D.; Ignarra, C. M.; Jahangir, O.; James, R. S.; Ji, W.; Johnson, J.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kamaha, A. C.; Kamdin, K.; Khaitan, D.; Khazov, A.; Khurana, I.; Kodroff, D.; Korley, L.; Korolkova, E. V.; Kraus, H.; Kravitz, S.; Kreczko, L.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Leason, E. A.; Leonard, D. S.; Lesko, K. T.; Levy, C.; Lee, J.; Lin, J.; Lindote, A.; Linehan, R.; Lippincott, W. H.; Liu, X.; Lopes, M. I.; Asamar, E. Lopez; Lopez-Paredes, B.; Lorenzon, W.; Luitz, S.; Majewski, P. A.; Manalaysay, A.; Manenti, L.; Mannino, R. L.; Marangou, N.; McCarthy, M. E.; McKinsey, D. N.; McLaughlin, J.; Miller, E. H.; Mizrachi, E.; Monte, A.; Monzani, M. E.; Morad, J. A.; Mendoza, J. D. Morales; Morrison, E.; Mount, B. J.; Murphy, A. St. J.; Naim, D.; Naylor, A.; Nedlik, C.; Nelson, H. N.; Neves, F.; Nikoleyczik, J. A.; Nilima, A.; Olcina, I.; Oliver-Mallory, K.; Pal, S.; Palladino, K. J.; Palmer, J.; Parveen, N.; Patton, S. J.; Pease, E. K.; Penning, B.; Pereira, G.; Perry, E.; Pershing, J.; Piepke, A.; Porzio, D.; Qie, Y.; Reichenbacher, J.; Rhyne, C. A.; Richards, A.; Riffard, Q.; Riffard, %Q.; Rischbieter, G. R. C.; Rosero, R.; Rossiter, P.; Rushton, T.; Santone, D.; Sazzad, A. B. M. R.; Schnee, R. W.; Scovell, P. R.; Shaw, S.; Shutt, T. A.; Silk, J. J.; Silva, C.; Sinev, G.; Smith, R.; Solmaz, M.; Solovov, V. N.; Sorensen, P.; Soria, J.; Stancu, I.; Stevens, A.; Stifter, K.; Suerfu, B.; Sumner, T. J.; Swanson, N.; Szydagis, M.; Taylor, W. C.; Taylor, R.; Temples, D. J.; Terman, P. A.; Tiedt, D. R.; Timalsina, M.; To, W. H.; Tong, Z.; Tovey, D. R.; Trask, M.; Tripathi, M.; Tronstad, D. R.; Turner, W.; Utku, U.; Vaitkus, A.; Wang, B.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J. J.; Wang, W.; Watson, J. R.; Webb, R. C.; White, R. G.; Whitis, T. J.; Williams, M.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Woodford, S.; Woodward, D.; Wright, C. J.; Xia, Q.; Xiang, X.; Xu, J.; Yeh, M.
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Abstract
We estimate the amount of $^{37}$Ar produced in natural xenon via cosmic ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth's surface. We then calculate the resulting $^{37}$Ar concentration in a 10-tonne payload~(similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea level production rate of $^{37}$Ar in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024~atoms/kg/day. Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1~tonne/month, the average $^{37}$Ar activity after 10~tonnes are purified and transported underground is 0.058--0.090~$\mu$Bq/kg, depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic $^{37}$Ar will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35~day half-life. This newly-noticed production mechanism of $^{37}$Ar should be considered when planning for future liquid xenon-based experiments.