학술논문
Evidence of high-mass star formation through multi-scale mass accretion in hub-filament-system clouds
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Liu, Hong-Li; Tej, Anandmayee; Liu, Tie; Sanhueza, Patricio; Qin, Shengli; He, Jinhua; Goldsmith, Paul F.; Garay, Guido; Pan, Sirong; Morii, Kaho; Li, Shanghuo; Stutz, Amelia; Tatematsu, Keníchi; Xu, Feng-Wei; Bronfman, Leonardo; Saha, Anindya; Issac, Namitha; Baug, Tapas; Toth, L. Viktor; Dewangan, Lokesh; Wang, Ke; Zhou, Jianwen; Lee, Chang Won; Yang, Dongting; Luo, Anxu; Shen, Xianjin; Zhang, Yong; Wu, Yue-Fang; Ren, Zhiyuan; Liu, Xun-Chuan; Soam, Archana; Zhang, Siju; Luo, Qiu-Yi
Source
Subject
Language
Abstract
We present a statistical study of a sample of 17 hub-filament-system (HFS) clouds of high-mass star formation using high-angular resolution ($\sim$1-2 arcsecond) ALMA 1.3mm and 3mm continuum data. The sample includes 8 infrared (IR)-dark and 9 IR-bright types, which correspond to an evolutionary sequence from the IR-dark to IR-bright stage. The central massive clumps and their associated most massive cores are observed to follow a trend of increasing mass ($M$) and mass surface density ($\Sigma$) with evolution from IR-dark to IR-bright stage. In addition, a mass-segregated cluster of young stellar objects (YSOs) are revealed in both IR-dark and IR-bright HFSs with massive YSOs located in the hub and the population of low-mass YSOs distributed over larger areas. Moreover, outflow feedback in all HFSs are found to escape preferentially through the inter-filamentary diffuse cavities, suggesting that outflows would render a limited effect on the disruption of the HFSs and ongoing high-mass star formation therein. From the above observations, we suggest that high-mass star formation in the HFSs can be described by a multi-scale mass accretion/transfer scenario, from hub-composing filaments through clumps down to cores, that can naturally lead to a mass-segregated cluster of stars.
Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 16 pages, 8 figures, and 3 tables
Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 16 pages, 8 figures, and 3 tables