학술논문

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
The Pierre Auger CollaborationAbraham, J.Abreu, P.Aglietta, M.Aguirre, C.Ahn, E. J.Allard, D.Allekotte, I.Allen, J.Allison, P.Alvarez-Muñiz, J.Ambrosio, M.Anchordoqui, L.Andringa, S.Anzalone, A.Aramo, C.Arganda, E.Argirò, S.Arisaka, K.Arneodo, F.Arqueros, F.Asch, T.Asorey, H.Assis, P.Aublin, J.Ave, M.Avila, G.Bacher, A.Bäcker, T.Badagnani, D.Barber, K. B.Barbosa, A. F.Barbosa, H. J. M.Barenthien, N.Barroso, S. L. C.Baughman, B.Bauleo, P.Beatty, J. J.Beau, T.Becker, B. R.Becker, K. H.Bellétoile, A.Bellido, J. A.BenZvi, S.Berat, C.Bernardini, P.Bertou, X.Biermann, P. L.Billoir, P.Blanch-Bigas, O.Blanco, F.Bleve, C.Blümer, H.Boháčová, M.Bollmann, E.Bolz, H.Bonifazi, C.Bonino, R.Borodai, N.Bracci, F.Brack, J.Brogueira, P.Brown, W. C.Bruijn, R.Buchholz, P.Bueno, A.Burton, R. E.Busca, N. G.Caballero-Mora, K. S.Caramete, D. CaminL.Caruso, R.Carvalho, W.Castellina, A.Castro, J.Catalano, O.Cazon, L.Cester, R.Chauvin, J.Chiavassa, A.Chinellato, J. A.Chou, A.Chudoba, J.Chye, J.Clark, P. D. J.Clay, R. W.Colombo, E.Conceição, R.Connolly, B.Contreras, F.Coppens, J.Cordero, A.Cordier, A.Cotti, U.Coutu, S.Covault, C. E.Creusot, A.Criss, A.Cronin, J. W.Cuautle, J.Curutiu, A.Dagoret-Campagne, S.Dallier, R.Daudo, F.Daumiller, K.Dawson, B. R.de Almeida, R. M.De Domenico, M.De Donato, C.de Jong, S. J.De La Vega, G.Junior, W. J. M. de MelloNeto, J. R. T. de MelloDe Mitri, I.de Souza, V.de Vries, K. D.Decerprit, G.del Peral, L.Deligny, O.Della Selva, A.Fratte, C. DelleDembinski, H.Di Giulio, C.Diaz, J. C.Diep, P. N.Dobrigkeit, C.D'Olivo, J. C.Dong, P. N.Dornic, D.Dorofeev, A.Anjos, J. C. dosDova, M. T.D'Urso, D.Dutan, I.DuVernois, M. A.Engel, R.Erdmann, M.Escobar, C. O.Etchegoyen, A.Luis, P. Facal SanFalcke, H.Farrar, G.Fauth, A. C.Fazzini, N.Ferrer, F.Ferrero, A.Fick, B.Filevich, A.Filipčič, A.Fleck, I.Fliescher, S.Fonte, R.Fracchiolla, C. E.Fraenkel, E. D.Fulgione, W.Gamarra, R. F.Gambetta, S.García, B.Gámez, D. GarcíaGarcia-Pinto, D.Garrido, X.Geenen, H.Gelmini, G.Gemmeke, H.Ghia, P. L.Giaccari, U.Gibbs, K.Giller, M.Gitto, J.Glass, H.Goggin, L. M.Gold, M. S.Golup, G.Albarracin, F. GomezBerisso, M. GómezVitale, P. F. GomezGonçalves, P.Amaral, M. Gonçalves doGonzalez, D.Gonzalez, J. G.Góra, D.Gorgi, A.Gouffon, P.Grashorn, E.Grassi, V.Grebe, S.Grigat, M.Grillo, A. F.Grygar, J.Guardincerri, Y.Guardone, N.Guerard, C.Guarino, F.Gumbsheimer, R.Guedes, G. P.Gutiérrez, J.Hague, J. D.Halenka, V.Hansen, P.Harari, D.Harmsma, S.Hartmann, S.Harton, J. L.Haungs, A.Healy, M. D.Hebbeker, T.Hebrero, G.Heck, D.Hojvat, C.Holmes, V. C.Homola, P.Hofman, G.Hörandel, J. R.Horneffer, A.Horvat, M.Hrabovský, M.Hucker, H.Huege, T.Hussain, M.Iarlori, M.Insolia, A.Ionita, F.Italiano, A.Jiraskova, S.Kaducak, M.Kampert, K. H.Karova, T.Kasper, P.Kégl, B.Keilhauer, B.Kemp, E.Kern, H.Kieckhafer, R. M.Klages, H. O.Kleifges, M.Kleinfeller, J.Knapik, R.Knapp, J.Koang, D. -H.Kopmann, A.Krieger, A.Krömer, O.Kruppke-Hansen, D.Kuempel, D.Kunka, N.Kusenko, A.La Rosa, G.Lachaud, C.Lago, B. L.Lautridou, P.Leão, M. S. A. B.Lebrun, D.Lebrun, P.Lee, J.de Oliveira, M. A. LeiguiLemiere, A.Letessier-Selvon, A.Leuthold, M.Lhenry-Yvon, I.López, R.Agüera, A. LopezLouedec, K.Bahilo, J. LozanoLucero, A.Lyberis, H.Maccarone, M. C.Macolino, C.Maldera, S.Malek, M.Mandat, D.Mantsch, P.Marchetto, F.Mariazzi, A. G.Maris, I. C.Falcon, H. R. MarquezMartello, D.Martineau, O.Bravo, O. MartínezMathes, H. J.Matthews, J.Matthews, J. A. J.Matthiae, G.Maurizio, D.Mazur, P. O.McEwen, M.McNeil, R. R.Medina-Tanco, G.Melissas, M.Melo, D.Menichetti, E.Menshikov, A.Meyhandan, R.Micheletti, M. I.Miele, G.Miller, W.Miramonti, L.Mollerach, S.Monasor, M.Ragaigne, D. MonnierMontanet, F.Morales, B.Morello, C.Moreno, J. C.Morris, C.Mostafá, M.Moura, C. A.Mucchi, M.Mueller, S.Muller, M. A.Mussa, R.Navarra, G.Navarro, J. L.Navas, S.Necesal, P.Nellen, L.Nerling, F.Newman-Holmes, C.Newton, D.Nhung, P. T.Nicotra, D.Nierstenhoefer, N.Nitz, D.Nosek, D.Nožka, L.Nyklicek, M.Oehlschläger, J.Olinto, A.Oliva, P.Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M.Ortiz, M.Ortolani, F.Oßwald, B.Pacheco, N.Selmi-Dei, D. PakkPalatka, M.Pallotta, J.Parente, G.Parizot, E.Parlati, S.Pastor, S.Patel, M.Paul, T.Pavlidou, V.Payet, K.Pech, M.Pȩkala, J.Pepe, I. M.Perrone, L.Pesce, R.Petermann, E.Petrera, S.Petrinca, P.Petrolini, A.Petrov, Y.Petrovic, J.Pfendner, C.Pichel, A.Piegaia, R.Pierog, T.Pimenta, M.Pinto, T.Pirronello, V.Pisanti, O.Platino, M.Pochon, J.Ponce, V. H.Pontz, M.Pouryamout, J.Prado Jr., L.Privitera, P.Prouza, M.Quel, E. J.Rautenberg, G. Raia J.Ravel, O.Ravignani, D.Redondo, A.Reis, H. C.Reucroft, S.Revenu, B.Rezende, F. A. S.Ridky, J.Riggi, S.Risse, M.Rivière, C.Rizi, V.Robledo, C.Roberts, M. D.Rodriguez, G.Martino, J. RodriguezRojo, J. RodriguezRodriguez-Cabo, I.Rodríguez-Frías, M. D.Ros, G.Rosado, J.Rossler, T.Roth, M.Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B.Roulet, E.Rovero, A. C.Salamida, F.b, H. SalazarSalina, G.Sánchez, F.Santander, M.Santo, C. E.Santos, E. M.Sarazin, F.Sarkar, S.Sato, R.Scharf, N.Scherini, V.Schieler, H.Schiffer, P.Schmidt, G. Schleif A.Schmidt, F.Schmidt, T.Scholten, O.Schoorlemmer, H.Schovancova, J.Schovánek, P.Schroeder, F.Schulte, S.Schüssler, F.Schuster, D.Sciutto, S. J.Scuderi, M.Segreto, A.Semikoz, D.Sequieros, G.Settimo, M.Shellard, R. C.Sidelnik, I.Siffert, B. B.Smiałkowski, A.Šmída, R.Smith, A. G. K.Smith, B. E.Snow, G. R.Sommers, P.Sorokin, J.Spinka, H.Squartini, R.Strazzeri, E.Stutz, A.Suarez, F.Suomijärvi, T.Supanitsky, A. D.Sutherland, M. S.Swain, J.Szadkowski, Z.Tamashiro, A.Tamburro, A.Tarutina, T.Taşcău, O.Tcaciuc, R.Tcherniakhovski, D.Thao, N. T.Thomas, D.Ticona, R.Tiffenberg, J.Timmermans, C.Tkaczyk, W.Peixoto, C. J. ToderoTomé, B.Tonachini, A.Torres, I.Trapani, P.Travnicek, P.Tridapalli, D. B.Tristram, G.Trovato, E.Tuci, V.Tueros, M.Tusi, E.Ulrich, R.Unger, M.Urban, M.Galicia, J. F. ValdésValiño, I.Valore, L.Berg, A. M. van denVázquez, J. R.Vázquez, R. A.Veberič, D.Velarde, A.Venters, T.Verzi, V.Videla, M.Villaseñor, L.Vitali, G.Vorobiov, S.Voyvodic, L.Wahlberg, H.Wahrlich, P.Wainberg, O.Warner, D.Westerhoff, S.Whelan, B. J.Wild, N.Wiebusch, C.Wieczorek, G.Wiencke, L.Wilczyńska, B.Wilczyński, H.Wileman, C.Winnick, M. G.Wörner, G.Wu, H.Wundheiler, B.Yamamoto, T.Younk, P.Yuan, G.Yushkov, A.Zas, E.Zavrtanik, D.Zavrtanik, M.Zaw, I.b, A. ZepedaZiolkowski, M.
Source
Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A620:227-251,2010
Subject
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Language
Abstract
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions.
Comment: 53 pages. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A