학술논문

Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth and Sixth-Order Net-proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
STAR CollaborationAboona, B. E.Adam, J.Adamczyk, L.Adams, J. R.Aggarwal, I.Aggarwal, M. M.Ahammed, Z.Anderson, D. M.Aschenauer, E. C.Atchison, J.Bairathi, V.Baker, W.Cap, J. G. BallBarish, K.Bellwied, R.Bhagat, P.Bhasin, A.Bhatta, S.Bielcik, J.Bielcikova, J.Brandenburg, J. D.Cai, X. Z.Caines, H.Sánchez, M. Calderón de la BarcaCebra, D.Ceska, J.Chakaberia, I.Chaloupka, P.Chan, B. K.Chang, Z.Chen, D.Chen, J.Chen, J. H.Chen, Z.Cheng, J.Cheng, Y.Choudhury, S.Christie, W.Chu, X.Crawford, H. J.Csanád, M.Dale-Gau, G.Das, A.Daugherity, M.Deppner, I. M.Dhamija, A.Di Carlo, L.Didenko, L.Dixit, P.Dong, X.Drachenberg, J. L.Duckworth, E.Dunlop, J. C.Engelage, J.Eppley, G.Esumi, S.Evdokimov, O.Ewigleben, A.Eyser, O.Fatemi, R.Fazio, S.Feng, C. J.Feng, Y.Finch, E.Fisyak, Y.Flor, F. A.Fu, C.Gagliardi, C. A.Galatyuk, T.Geurts, F.Ghimire, N.Gibson, A.Gopal, K.Gou, X.Grosnick, D.Gupta, A.Guryn, W.Hamed, A.Han, Y.Harabasz, S.Harasty, M. D.Harris, J. W.Harrison, H.He, W.He, X. H.He, Y.Heppelmann, S.Herrmann, N.Holub, L.Hu, C.Hu, Q.Hu, Y.Huang, H.Huang, H. Z.Huang, S. L.Huang, T.Huang, X.Huang, Y.Humanic, T. J.Isenhower, D.Isshiki, M.Jacobs, W. W.Jalotra, A.Jena, C.Jentsch, A.Ji, Y.Jia, J.Jin, C.Ju, X.Judd, E. G.Kabana, S.Kabir, M. L.Kagamaster, S.Kalinkin, D.Kang, K.Kapukchyan, D.Kauder, K.Ke, H. W.Keane, D.Kelsey, M.Khyzhniak, Y. V.Kikoła, D. P.Kimelman, B.Kincses, D.Kisel, I.Kiselev, A.Knospe, A. G.Ko, H. S.Kosarzewski, L. K.Kramarik, L.Kumar, L.Kumar, S.Elayavalli, R. KunnawalkamLacey, R.Landgraf, J. M.Lauret, J.Lebedev, A.Lee, J. H.Leung, Y. H.Lewis, N.Li, C.Li, W.Li, X.Li, Y.Li, Z.Liang, X.Liang, Y.Licenik, R.Lin, T.Lisa, M. A.Liu, C.Liu, F.Liu, H.Liu, L.Liu, T.Liu, X.Liu, Y.Liu, Z.Ljubicic, T.Llope, W. J.Lomicky, O.Longacre, R. S.Loyd, E.Lu, T.Lukow, N. S.Luo, X. F.Ma, L.Ma, R.Ma, Y. G.Magdy, N.Mallick, D.Margetis, S.Markert, C.Matis, H. S.Mazer, J. A.McNamara, G.Mi, K.Mioduszewski, S.Mohanty, B.Mooney, I.Mukherjee, A.Nagy, M. I.Nain, A. S.Nam, J. D.Nasim, Md.Neff, D.Nelson, J. M.Nemes, D. B.Nie, M.Niida, T.Nishitani, R.Nonaka, T.Nunes, A. S.Odyniec, G.Ogawa, A.Oh, S.Okubo, K.Page, B. S.Pak, R.Pan, J.Pandav, A.Pandey, A. K.Pani, T.Paul, A.Pawlik, B.Pawlowska, D.Perkins, C.Pluta, J.Pokhrel, B. R.Posik, M.Protzman, T.Prozorova, V.Pruthi, N. K.Przybycien, M.Putschke, J.Qin, Z.Qiu, H.Quintero, A.Racz, C.Radhakrishnan, S. K.Raha, N.Ray, R. L.Reed, R.Ritter, H. G.Robertson, C. W.Robotkova, M.Romero, J. L.Aguilar, M. A. RosalesRoy, D.Chowdhury, P. RoyRuan, L.Sahoo, A. K.Sahoo, N. R.Sako, H.Salur, S.Sato, S.Schmidke, W. B.Schmitz, N.Seck, F-J.Seger, J.Seto, R.Seyboth, P.Shah, N.Shanmuganathan, P. V.Shao, M.Shao, T.Sharma, M.Sharma, N.Sharma, R.Sharma, S. R.Sheikh, A. I.Shen, D. Y.Shen, K.Shi, S. S.Shi, Y.Shou, Q. Y.Si, F.Singh, J.Singha, S.Sinha, P.Skoby, M. J.Smirnov, N.Söhngen, Y.Song, Y.Srivastava, B.Stanislaus, T. D. S.Stefaniak, M.Stewart, D. J.Stringfellow, B.Su, Y.Suaide, A. A. P.Sumbera, M.Sun, C.Sun, X.Sun, Y.Surrow, B.Sweger, Z. W.Szymanski, P.Tamis, A.Tang, A. H.Tang, Z.Tarnowsky, T.Thomas, J. H.Timmins, A. R.Tlusty, D.Todoroki, T.Tomkiel, C. A.Trentalange, S.Tribble, R. E.Tribedy, P.Truhlar, T.Trzeciak, B. A.Tsai, O. D.Tsang, C. Y.Tu, Z.Ullrich, T.Underwood, D. G.Upsal, I.Van Buren, G.Vanek, J.Vassiliev, I.Verkest, V.Videbæk, F.Voloshin, S. A.Wang, F.Wang, G.Wang, J. S.Wang, X.Wang, Y.Wang, Z.Webb, J. C.Weidenkaff, P. C.Westfall, G. D.Wielanek, D.Wieman, H.Wilks, G.Wissink, S. W.Witt, R.Wu, J.Wu, X.Wu, Y.Xi, B.Xiao, Z. G.Xie, W.Xu, H.Xu, N.Xu, Q. H.Xu, Y.Xu, Z.Yan, G.Yan, Z.Yang, C.Yang, Q.Yang, S.Yang, Y.Ye, Z.Yi, L.Yip, K.Yu, Y.Zbroszczyk, H.Zha, W.Zhang, C.Zhang, D.Zhang, J.Zhang, S.Zhang, X.Zhang, Y.Zhang, Z. J.Zhang, Z.Zhao, F.Zhao, J.Zhao, M.Zhou, C.Zhou, J.Zhou, S.Zhou, Y.Zhu, X.Zurek, M.Zyzak, M.
Source
Subject
Nuclear Experiment
Language
Abstract
We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants ($C_{5}$, $C_{6}$) and factorial cumulants ($\kappa_{5}$, $\kappa_{6}$) of net-proton and proton distributions, from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3 - 200$ GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The net-proton cumulant ratios generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV. $C_{6}/C_{2}$ for 0-40\% centrality collisions is increasingly negative with decreasing $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, while it is positive for the lowest $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (at baryon chemical potential, $\mu_{B} \leq$ 110 MeV) that include a crossover quark-hadron transition. In addition, for $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \geq$ 11.5 GeV, the measured proton $\kappa_{n}$, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component shape of proton distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyper-order proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, $\mu_{B}\sim 750$ MeV ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV) is starkly different from those at vanishing $\mu_{B}\sim 20$MeV ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and higher).
Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures