학술논문
Long-rising Type II Supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Sit, Tawny; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Tzanidakis, Anastasios; De, Kishalay; Fremling, Christoffer; Sollerman, Jesper; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Miller, Adam A.; Adams, Scott; Aloisi, Robert; Andreoni, Igor; Chu, Matthew; Cook, David; Das, Kaustav Kashyap; Dugas, Alison; Groom, Steven L.; Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Karambelkar, Viraj; Neill, James D.; Masci, Frank J.; Medford, Michael S.; Purdum, Josiah; Sharma, Yashvi; Smith, Roger; Stein, Robert; Yan, Lin; Yao, Yuhan; Zhang, Chaoran
Source
Subject
Language
Abstract
SN 1987A was an unusual hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova originating from a blue supergiant star. Similar blue supergiant explosions remain a small family of events, and are broadly characterized by their long rises to peak. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Census of the Local Universe (CLU) experiment aims to construct a spectroscopically complete sample of transients occurring in galaxies from the CLU galaxy catalog. We identify 13 long-rising (>40 days) Type II supernovae from the volume-limited CLU experiment during a 3.5 year period from June 2018 to December 2021, approximately doubling the previously known number of these events. We present photometric and spectroscopic data of these 13 events, finding peak r-band absolute magnitudes ranging from -15.6 to -17.5 mag and the tentative detection of Ba II lines in 9 events. Using our CLU sample of events, we derive a long-rising Type II supernova rate of $1.37^{+0.26}_{-0.30}\times10^{-6}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$, $\approx$1.4% of the total core-collapse supernova rate. This is the first volumetric rate of these events estimated from a large, systematic, volume-limited experiment.
Comment: 33 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables. Updated to ApJ accepted version
Comment: 33 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables. Updated to ApJ accepted version