학술논문
Uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle SN Zwicky
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Goobar, Ariel; Johansson, Joel; Schulze, Steve; Arendse, Nikki; Carracedo, Ana Sagués; Dhawan, Suhail; Mörtsell, Edvard; Fremling, Christoffer; Yan, Lin; Perley, Daniel; Sollerman, Jesper; Joseph, Rémy; Hinds, K-Ryan; Meynardie, William; Andreoni, Igor; Bellm, Eric; Bloom, Josh; Collett, Thomas E.; Drake, Andrew; Graham, Matthew; Kasliwal, Mansi; Kulkarni, Shri; Lemon, Cameron; Miller, Adam A.; Neill, James D.; Nordin, Jakob; Pierel, Justin; Richard, Johan; Riddle, Reed; Rigault, Mickael; Rusholme, Ben; Sharma, Yashvi; Stein, Robert; Stewart, Gabrielle; Townsend, Alice; Vinko, Jozsef; Wheeler, J. Craig; Wold, Avery
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Subject
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Abstract
Detecting gravitationally lensed supernovae is among the biggest challenges in astronomy. It involves a combination of two very rare phenomena: catching the transient signal of a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy and observing it through a nearly perfectly aligned foreground galaxy that deflects light towards the observer. High-cadence optical observations with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with an unparalleled large field of view, led to the detection of a multiply-imaged Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), ``SN Zwicky", a.k.a. SN 2022qmx. Magnified nearly twenty-five times, the system was found thanks to the ``standard candle" nature of SNe Ia. High-spatial resolution imaging with the Keck telescope resolved four images of the supernova with very small angular separation, corresponding to an Einstein radius of only $\theta_E =0.167"$ and almost identical arrival times. The small $\theta_E$ and faintness of the lensing galaxy is very unusual, highlighting the importance of supernovae to fully characterise the properties of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses, including the impact of galaxy substructures.
Comment: Matches published version in Nature Astronomy
Comment: Matches published version in Nature Astronomy