학술논문
In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
DEAP Collaboration; Amaudruz, P. -A.; Batygov, M.; Beltran, B.; Bina, C. E.; Bishop, D.; Bonatt, J.; Boorman, G.; Boulay, M. G.; Broerman, B.; Bromwich, T.; Bueno, J. F.; Butcher, A.; Cai, B.; Chan, S.; Chen, M.; Chouinard, R.; Churchwell, S.; Cleveland, B. T.; Cranshaw, D.; Dering, K.; Dittmeier, S.; Duncan, F. A.; Dunford, M.; Erlandson, A.; Fatemighomi, N.; Ford, R. J.; Gagnon, R.; Giampa, P.; Golovko, V. V.; Gorel, P.; Gornea, R.; Grace, E.; Graham, K.; Grant, D. R.; Gulyev, E.; Hall, A.; Hallin, A. L.; Hamstra, M.; Harvey, P. J.; Hearns, C.; Jillings, C. J.; Kamaev, O.; Kemp, A.; Kuźniak, M.; Langrock, S.; La Zia, F.; Lehnert, B.; Li, O.; Lidgard, J. J.; Liimatainen, P.; Lim, C.; Lindner, T.; Linn, Y.; Liu, S.; Mathew, R.; McDonald, A. B.; McElroy, T.; McFarlane, K.; McLaughlin, J.; Mead, S.; Mehdiyev, R.; Mielnichuk, C.; Monroe, J.; Muir, A.; Nadeau, P.; Nantais, C.; Ng, C.; Noble, A. J.; O'Dwyer, E.; Ohlmann, C.; Olchanski, K.; Olsen, K. S.; Ouellet, C.; Pasuthip, P.; Peeters, S. J. M.; Pollmann, T. R.; Rand, E. T.; Rau, W.; Rethmeier, C.; Retiére, F.; Seeburn, N.; Shaw, B.; Singhrao, K.; Skensved, P.; Smith, B.; Smith, N. J. T.; Sonley, T.; Stainforth, R.; Stone, C.; Strickland, V.; Sur, B.; Tang, J.; Taylor, J.; Veloce, L.; Vázquez-Jáuregui, E.; Walding, J.; Ward, M.; Westerdale, S.; White, R.; Woolsey, E.; Zielinski, J.
Source
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 922, 373-384 (2019)
Subject
Language
Abstract
The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.