부산대학교 도서관

Hirschi's social control theory implies that when students lack a sense of attachment or identity, or dislike participating in school activities, deviations or criminal behavior might occur. We hypothesize that the effects of school factors should play important roles in the explanation of youth delinquency. If teenagers have negative relationships with teachers, or dislike going to school, these are likely to result in the occurrence of deviant behavior. Few empirical studies have analyzed the influencing factors that trigger the 'occurrence' of delinquency, and whether relevant factors have an effect on the 'frequency' of the occurrence of deviant behavior. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the impact and influence which teacher caring, student societies and school activities have on the occurrence and frequency of delinquent behavior by using the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. Adopting the dynamic change development and life course interpretation perspective allowed us to explore the causes of various developmental aspects of adolescents' deviant behavior. The study utilized data collected from 4,056 high school, technical high school and five-year junior college program students in Taiwan under the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) published in 2007. The database was planned and funded by Academia Sinica and the Ministry of Education in Taiwan. TEPS was the first database in Taiwan to sample and collect long-term data from junior high school, high school, vocational high school and five-year junior college students across the country. Deviant behavior usually occurred beyond normality and routine. The actual situation was much more complex and unlikely to present itself in a normal statistical distribution. The occurrence of deviant behavior in a group is relatively rare. Consequently, it tends to be unique and occur in complex situations, rather than being normal or routine; as a result, it is difficult to identify in normal statistical distributions. Therefore, the use of behavioral types or continuous values cannot reflect the true situation of deviation behavior. In order to overcome the excessive dispersion and heterogeneity caused by a large number of 'zeros' in the data, this study utilized the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model (ZINB) in statistical analysis. Through ZINB analysis, first, based on the number of occurrences of deviant behavior among adolescents, students were divided into susceptible groups and non-susceptible groups. Then, for the susceptible groups, a negative binomial regression model was further used to test the impact of independent variables on deviant behavior. The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) The influence which teacher caring, student societies and school activities had on students was not significantly associated with the occurrence of delinquency. However, students who experienced a higher level of teacher caring and more positive experiences in student societies and school activities appeared to have a lower frequency of delinquency. (2) Gender was significantly associated with the occurrence and frequency of delinquency, such that male students showed higher levels of occurrence and frequency of delinquency than female students. (3) Students from townships showed a lower level of occurrence of delinquent behavior than those from cities. (4) Students from comprehensive high schools showed a higher level of frequency of delinquent behavior than those from normal high schools. Based on the research results, this paper concludes with suggestions of applied counseling work references for schools and teachers and possible directions that future research may take.