부산대학교 도서관

Transgender refers to a person whose gender identity differs from the sex the person had or was identified as having at birth. Following the terminology and definitions of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and international sports federation policies, 'transgender' is an umbrella term. In 2003, the IOC allowed transgender athletes to participate in the competition but needed to undergo sex reassignment surgery. The surgery requirement was abolished in 2016. As a result, the 2020 Tokyo Olympics is a new milestone because four transgender athletes participated in different sports competitions. In November 2021, based on the concepts of fairness, tolerance, and nondiscrimination, the IOC developed a guideline containing ten principles (inclusion; prevention of harm; nondiscrimination; fairness; no presumption of advantage; evidence-based approach; the primacy of health and bodily autonomy; stakeholder-centered approach; right to privacy, periodic reviews) for international sports federations to formulate the competition policies for transgender athletes, in which testosterone concentration plays an important role in the entry system for transgender competition policies. In this review, we introduce the definition of transgender athletes, the history of transgender athletes participating in international competitions, the multiple physiological roles of testosterone affecting body composition and endocrine metabolic system, and the comparison of physiological effects of men and women on sports performance, and the impact of transgender women receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy. Here, we review articles and want to let the readers understand the development trend of gender equality in the field of international sports and propose prospects.