부산대학교 도서관

This paper reports the use of integrated geomatic applications based on LiDAR data and UAV assisted photogrammetry for the identification, description and interpretation of ancient Roman gold mining sites in Northwest Spain. The study compares Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with different acquisition methods, resolution and accuracy for analysis of archaeological remains. DEMs have been analysed using different visualization tools, such as principal component analysis, local relief factor, multiple hillshading, sky-view-factor and openness in order to improve visualization of the models, aiming at the identification of archaeological features. Our study suggests that principal component analysis, openness and multiple hillshading were the most effective tools for identification of archaeological remains. The results indicate that 5m LiDAR provides insufficient resolution to perform detailed analysis and accurate description of the hydraulic systems, but the use of visualization tools improved the localization and description of remains. The 1m resolution LiDAR data highly improve the resolution and capabilities for recognition and interpretation of canals, water reservoirs and mining zones. In addition, the use of UAV technology for smaller detailed surveys has shown a powerful capacity to reduce costs and time-consuming processing calculations, gaining in data resolution. The implementation of .LAZ files allows classification and analysis of point clouds yielding similar results to LiDAR technology in vegetated areas. However, unlike airborne lasers, its application is mainly restricted to small survey areas. Our study has focused on two areas characterized by a diversity of roman gold mining elements preserved in the landscape, such as hydraulic systems (canals and water reservoirs, drained canals and other anthropic elements) and mining areas along the Eria River Valley Gold District. The work has been implemented with the creation of 3D virtual reconstructions of the selected features, which can help to visualize different elements of the archaeological record to the general public, providing a useful tool for preservation and display of cultural heritage.