학술논문
Profiles of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Tham YC; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Chee ML; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.; Dai W; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.; Lim ZW; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.; Majithia S; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.; Siantar R; Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.; Thakur S; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.; Rim T; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Cheung CY; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Sabanayagam C; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Aung T; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Wong TY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Cheng CY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: chingyu.cheng@duke-nus.edu.sg.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7802443 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1549-4713 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01616420 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ophthalmology Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the normative profile and determinants of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness based on spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in a nonglaucoma, multi-ethnic Asian population.
Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.
Participants: Ethnic Chinese, Malay, and Indian adults aged ≥40 years recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.
Methods: All participants underwent standardized examinations. The GCIPL thickness was measured using Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Participants with glaucoma or poor-quality scans were excluded. Eye-specific data were used. Associations of ocular and systemic factors with GCIPL thickness parameters were investigated using multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equation models to account for correlation between both eyes.
Main Outcome Measures: GCIPL thickness.
Results: A total of 4464 participants (7520 eyes) consisting of 1625 Chinese, 1212 Malay, and 1627 Indian adults contributed to this analysis. Average GCIPL thickness was 82.6±6.1 μm in Chinese, 81.5±6.8 μm in Malays, and 78.0±6.9 μm in Indians (P < 0.001 by analysis of variance). The 5th percentile limit of average GCIPL thickness was 72 μm in Chinese, 70 μm in Malays, and 67 μm in Indians. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, axial length, presence of cataract, OCT signal strength, disc area, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, eyes of Indians were observed to have 3.43 μm thinner GCIPL on average compared with Chinese (P < 0.001) and 3.36 μm thinner GCIPL compared with Malays (P < 0.001). In addition, older age (per decade; β = -2.51), female (β = -1.57), longer axial length (per mm; β = -1.54), and presence of chronic kidney disease (β = -1.49) were significantly associated with thinner average GCIPL (all P ≤ 0.008). Larger optic disc area (per mm2 ; β = 0.78; P < 0.001) was associated with thicker GCIPL. These factors were consistently observed to be significant for superior and inferior hemisphere GCIPL thickness.
Conclusions: GCIPL thickness profiles were significantly thinner in Indians compared with Chinese and Malays. Our findings further highlight the need of a more refined, ethnic-specific normative database for GCIPL thickness, which in turn may improve the detection and diagnosis of glaucoma in Asians.
(Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.
Participants: Ethnic Chinese, Malay, and Indian adults aged ≥40 years recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.
Methods: All participants underwent standardized examinations. The GCIPL thickness was measured using Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Participants with glaucoma or poor-quality scans were excluded. Eye-specific data were used. Associations of ocular and systemic factors with GCIPL thickness parameters were investigated using multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equation models to account for correlation between both eyes.
Main Outcome Measures: GCIPL thickness.
Results: A total of 4464 participants (7520 eyes) consisting of 1625 Chinese, 1212 Malay, and 1627 Indian adults contributed to this analysis. Average GCIPL thickness was 82.6±6.1 μm in Chinese, 81.5±6.8 μm in Malays, and 78.0±6.9 μm in Indians (P < 0.001 by analysis of variance). The 5th percentile limit of average GCIPL thickness was 72 μm in Chinese, 70 μm in Malays, and 67 μm in Indians. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, axial length, presence of cataract, OCT signal strength, disc area, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, eyes of Indians were observed to have 3.43 μm thinner GCIPL on average compared with Chinese (P < 0.001) and 3.36 μm thinner GCIPL compared with Malays (P < 0.001). In addition, older age (per decade; β = -2.51), female (β = -1.57), longer axial length (per mm; β = -1.54), and presence of chronic kidney disease (β = -1.49) were significantly associated with thinner average GCIPL (all P ≤ 0.008). Larger optic disc area (per mm
Conclusions: GCIPL thickness profiles were significantly thinner in Indians compared with Chinese and Malays. Our findings further highlight the need of a more refined, ethnic-specific normative database for GCIPL thickness, which in turn may improve the detection and diagnosis of glaucoma in Asians.
(Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)